This paper presents findings from an investigation of intellectual capital measurement, reporting and management in the South African mining industry. The research methodology employs a combination of content analysis of annual reports for the 20 largest listed companies in South Africa, combined with interviews with senior individuals in mining companies. Data is analysed in accordance with a selected intellectual capital framework consisting of 24 indicators across the three categories of internal, external and human capital. Results show that mining companies tend to report on fewer intellectual capital attributes than other companies and tend to focus more on external attributes such as business collaborations and favourable contracts. Results show that mining companies rate intellectual capital highly, but appear to be lacking in the measurement and reporting of intellectual capital. From these findings it is concluded that mining companies value intellectual capital but lack the appropriate systems and structures to manage intellectual capital meaningfully.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With increased awareness and scrutiny of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the heavy-duty truck industry is on the lookout for solutions that can maximize GHG savings, through either lowering fuel consumption and lowering methane slip. This paper focuses on whether it is possible to provide a differentiated Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) that supports the further improvement of a High-Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI) Engine. Desired improvements from this LNG blend are the lowering or substitution of the pilot Diesel use of the current HPDI engine, the lowering of the raw exhaust gas methane concentration and any additional performance improvements. Sixty-five substances were identified that could potentially be blended into cryogenic methane thus creating a differentiated LNG fuel. This paper goes through the process of additive selection and then focuses primarily on the results for using Dimethyl Ether (DME) as an LNG component, one of the candidate substances, but also showcases some of the other potential additives.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To study the autoignition properties of DME/LNG blends, autoignition delay times were simulated and then measured in a Rapid Compression Machine at engine conditions. The results were used to optimize the chemical mechanism that is used as input into a High-Pressure Direct Injection engine model. It was found that more than 5 vol% DME is required to reach a significant reduction in the autoignition delay time at typical operating conditions. The engine modelling results were also used to determine the initial conditions for HDPI engine tests using a modified 15L-Westport engine.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">These engine tests showed that an LNG/DME blend could potentially be used to develop a mono-fuel HPDI engine. However, it was found that although the mono-fuel concept works for high load conditions with the existing HPDI engine, further research is needed to enable stable combustion at lower loads and idling while keeping DME proportions at levels that could be dissolved in LNG. It was also found that higher proportions of DME in the LNG could lead to a reduction of the methane slip.</div></div>

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