These findings demonstrate that bladder function and structure can be significantly affected by modulating the circulating estrogen level. In addition, estrogen given in pharmacological doses can have a significant hypertrophic effect on bladder smooth muscle, resulting in increased contractile function.

Bladder decompensation was associated with decreased blood flow to bladder smooth muscle. Because compensated obstructed bladders with relatively normal contractile function are also hypertrophied but have normal blood flow, decreased blood flow in decompensated bladders is not simply a response to bladder hypertrophy. From this study we hypothesize that decreased blood flow to bladder smooth muscle is an etiological factor in bladder contractile dysfunction (bladder decompensation) secondary to partial outlet obstruction.