Recent work in terrain classification has relied largely on 3D sensing methods and color based classification. We present an approach that works with a single, compact camera and maintains high classification rates that are robust to changes in illumination. Terrain is classified using a bag of visual words (BOVW) created from speeded up robust features (SURF) with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. We present several novel techniques to augment this approach. A gradient descent inspired algorithm is used to adjust the SURF Hessian threshold to reach a nominal feature density. A sliding window technique is also used to classify mixed terrain images with high resolution. We demonstrate that our approach is suitable for small legged robots by performing real-time terrain classification on LittleDog. The classifier is used to select between predetermined gaits to traverse terrain of varying difficulty. Results indicate that real-time classification in-the-loop is faster than using a single all-terrain gait.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.