This article presents a wind plant control strategy that optimizes the yaw settings of wind turbines for improved energy production of the whole wind plant by taking into account wake effects. The optimization controller is based on a novel internal parametric model for wake effects called the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state (FLORIS) model. The FLORIS model predicts the steady-state wake locations and the effective flow velocities at each turbine, and the resulting turbine electrical energy production levels, as a function of the axial induction and the yaw angle of the different rotors. The FLORIS model has a limited number of parameters that are estimated based on turbine electrical power production data. In high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations of a small wind plant, we demonstrate that the optimization control based on the FLORIS model increases the energy production of the wind plant, with a reduction of loads on the turbines as an additional effect.

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Abstract-The "Camera Mouse" system has been developed to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities. The system tracks the computer user's movements with a video camera and translates them into the movements of the mouse pointer on the screen. Body features such as the tip of the user's nose or finger can be tracked. The visual tracking algorithm is based on cropping an online template of the tracked feature from the current image frame and testing where this template correlates in the subsequent frame. The location of the highest correlation is interpreted as the new location of the feature in the subsequent frame. Various body features are examined for tracking robustness and user convenience. A group of 20 people without disabilities tested the Camera Mouse and quickly learned how to use it to spell out messages or play games. Twelve people with severe cerebral palsy or traumatic brain injury have tried the system, nine of whom have shown success. They interacted with their environment by spelling out messages and exploring the Internet.

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The process of vasculogenesis was characterized in the 6.5- to 9.5-day mouse embryo and in allantoic culture by analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns of the endothelial or hematopoietic lineage-associated proteins, TAL1, Flk1, platelet/endothelial cell adhision molecule (PECAM), CD34, VE-cadherin, and Tie2. The study establishes that: (1) TAL1 and Flk1 are coexpressed in isolated mesodermal cells that give rise to endothelial cells and thus can be defined as angioblasts; (2) hematopoietic cells of blood islands express TAL1, but not Flk1; (3) vasculogenesis in the embryo proper is initiated by mesoderm fated to give rise to the endocardium; (4) the maturation/morphogenesis of blood vessels can be defined in terms of a sequential pattern of expression in which TAL1 and Flk1 are expressed first followed by PECAM, CD34, VE-cadherin, and later Tie2; and (5) TAL1 expression is down-regulated in endothelial cells of mature vessels.