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Ilollins CollegeB ECAUSE APA is composed of intelligent, well-educated, mature, emotionally adjusted individuals, the Association responds as does any other organization composed of intelligent, well-educated, . . . etc. When presented with problems, it appoints committees. These committees dutifully meet, discuss their problems, perhaps conduct surveys or studies, usually write reports, and, after a reasonable period of time, the ad hoc committees, at least, are typically "discharged with thanks." Far too often that is all that happens-for several years anyhow. Then someone rediscovers a problem or area worthy of study, a new committee is appointed, and we are off and running again. This repetition of effort appears to be due to the fact that a review of the work done by previous committees is not carried out either by the board that appoints the new committee or by the newly appointed committee itself. In part, the purpose of the present article is to argue for the value of such historical surveys in general. It is also to be hoped that the efforts involved in the preparation of this article will not only bring enlightenment concerning the history of the APA's activities regarding the master's (MA) degree, but may also bring some enlightenment with respect to the general functioning and operations of our boards and committees.Concern by the membership of the APA with subdoctoral training has had a long history. My assignment as a member of the Task Eorce on Subdoctoral Education has been to search the

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Reinforcement magnitude in a water-tank escape conditioning situation with rats (N = 64) was shifted from low to high and vice versa with appropriate controls after 60 training trials. Following the increase in reinforcement overall performance and the percentage of noncompeting response trials gradually increased to a level appropriate to the higher reinforcement magnitude with no contrast or "elation effect." With a decrease in reinforcement magnitude, on the other hand, the overall performance and the percentage of noncompeting response trials fell below the low reinforcement control for a significant (p<.05) "depression effect" which did, however, eventually disappear.