One of the main engineering challenges for floating marine renewable energy devices is the design of reliable, yet cost-effective mooring solutions for the harsh and dynamic marine environment. The mooring system must be able to withstand the ultimate limit state during storm conditions as well as the fatigue limit state due to the highly cyclic wave induced motions. This paper presents the performance and service simulation testing of a novel mooring tether that combines the material properties of elastomeric and thermoplastic elements. This allows to 'tailor' the load-extension curve to exhibit a low stiffness response for the expected normal, operating, load conditions and a high stiffness response for the envisaged extreme, storm,
We examine the behavior of self-pulsating laser diodes when injected with periodic optical signals. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the phase difference between the injected optical signal and the synchronized self-pulsating laser diode emission. We explore the phase difference dependence on detuning between the laser free-running self-pulsation frequency and the applied signal frequency, and on the injected signal power. The determined sensitive dependence of the phase difference on these factors has important consequences when self-pulsating lasers are used as optical signal processing elements in all-optical communication networks, where such sensitivity may lead to timing problems. © 1996 American Institute of Physics. ͓S0003-6951͑96͒02625-3͔The physics of nonlinear oscillators interacting with applied signals is a problem that has long been of intense interest.1-4 Laser diodes are particularly appropriate for investigating such phenomena as they are a relatively well understood model system for studying nonlinear dynamics and there is fundamental interest in understanding active nonlinear optical system behavior when perturbed by incident optical signals.5 A less esoteric, but nonetheless urgent, applied interest in these matters is driven by telecommunications as the increasing sophistication of high bandwidth fiber optic networks will ultimately demand high speed optically transparent systems. While existing networks are not yet alloptical and contain electronic elements that carry out specific functions such as routing and switching, it is becoming increasingly apparent that such electro-optical conversions will place severe limitations on the bandwidth of future networks. All-optical networks hold the key to communications that will be high-speed, high-volume, and more widespread than ever before, especially given the market driven constraints of effective utilization of the installed infrastructural base. Given these demands and constraints, all-optical alternatives are being sought to many functions currently performed by electronic devices in communication networks. Selection and development of these all-optical networks requires understanding of the interaction of light with active optical media; for example, in wavelength division multiplexing using semiconductor optical amplifiers 6 and in signal processing using self-pulsating laser diodes ͑SP LDs͒.7 In this letter, we examine the behavior of self-pulsating compact disk ͑CD͒ laser diodes when synchronized to externally injected optical signals. We examine the mechanism by which optical synchronization occurs and show how our numerical and experimental results can be explained on the basis of this mechanism. Calculations are found to be in excellent agreement with experimental results.SP LDs using complex, multisection devices have been shown to carry out function such as all-optical synchronization and clock extraction at high speeds. 7,8 However, future low cost networks may require simpler structures with which to implement such...
This paper presents the first iteration design of the Flotant concept developed within the framework of a Cooperation Research Project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The Flotant concept is a hybrid concrete-plastic barge-type floating offshore substructure holding a 12MW wind turbine with the singularity of getting floatability by using plastic foam material fitted within the floater substructure. The INS12MW generic wind turbine, an upscaling exercise based on the DTU10MW reference wind turbine, is presented and simulated using open-source certified aeroelastic code. The floating platform and the mooring system are designed for two different sites, West of Barra and South East of Gran Canaria island. The principal dimensions are presented along with the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic properties of the floating system. A relevant subset of design load cases derived from International Electrotechnical Commission and Det Norske Veritas standards was simulated using an open-source aeroelastic code (NREL FAST) to check the coupled aero-hydro-elastic behaviour of the floating system and to generate the required load-matrix for the structural assessment of the different components. The evaluation of the design includes the seakeeping performance, the stability of the floating platform and the global performance analysis for the abovementioned sites. It demonstrates the technology developed within the Flotant project is feasible even in rough conditions like the ones in the West of Barra site.
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