Differences in the gland compartment volumes of prostate tissue having distinct diffusivities, rather than changes in the conventionally cited "cellularity" metrics, are likely to be the major contributor to clinically observed variations of ADC in prostate tissue.

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Mortality from prostate cancer is associated with progression of tumors to androgen-independent growth and metastasis. Eicosanoid products of both the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways are important mediators of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in culture and regulate tumor vascularization and metastasis in animal models. Pharmacologic agents that block either COX or LOX products effectively reduce the size of prostate cancer xenografts. Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) enzymes regulate the provision of arachidonic acid to both COX-and LOX-derived eicosanoids, and a secreted form of the enzyme (sPLA 2 -IIA) is elevated in prostate cancer tissues. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry, in patients receiving androgen ablation therapy, that sPLA 2 -IIA remains elevated in remaining cancer cells relative to benign glands after treatment. Furthermore, sPLA 2 -IIA expression seen in benign glands is substantially decreased after androgen depletion, whereas cytosolic PLA 2 -␣ (cPLA 2 -␣) levels are unchanged. sPLA 2 -IIA mRNA expression is detectable and inducible by androgen (0.01-10 nmol

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