According to LCDM theory, hierarchical evolution occurs on all mass scales, implying that satellites of the Milky Way should also have companions. The recent discovery of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidates in close proximity to the Magellanic Clouds provides an opportunity to test this theory. We present proper motion (PM) measurements for 13 of the 32 new dwarf galaxy candidates using Gaia data release 2. All 13 also have radial velocity measurements. We compare the measured 3D velocities of these dwarfs to those expected at the corresponding distance and location for the debris of an LMC analog in a cosmological numerical simulation. We conclude that 4 of these galaxies (Hor1, Car2, Car3 and Hyi1) have come in with the Magellanic Clouds, constituting the first confirmation of the type of satellite infall predicted by LCDM. Ret2, Tuc2 and Gru1 have velocity components that are not consistent within 3 sigma of our predictions and are therefore less favorable. Hya2 and Dra2 could be associated with the LMC and merit further attention. We rule out Tuc3, Cra2, Tri2 and Aqu2 as potential members. Of the dwarfs without measured PMs, 5 of them are deemed unlikely on the basis of their positions and distances alone as being too far from the orbital plane expected for LMC debris (Eri2, Ind2, Cet2, Cet3 and Vir1). For the remaining sample, we use the simulation to predict PMs and radial velocities, finding that Phx2 has an overdensity of stars in DR2 consistent with this PM prediction.

We present vide, the Void IDentification and Examination toolkit, an open-source Python/C++ code for finding cosmic voids in galaxy redshift surveys and N -body simulations, characterizing their properties, and providing a platform for more detailed analysis. At its core, vide uses a substantially enhanced version of zobov (Neyinck 2008) to calculate a Voronoi tessellation for estimating the density field and a performing a watershed transform to construct voids. Additionally, vide provides significant functionality for both pre-and post-processing: for example, vide can work with volume-or magnitude-limited galaxy samples with arbitrary survey geometries, or dark matter particles or halo catalogs in a variety of common formats. It can also randomly subsample inputs and includes a Halo Occupation Distribution model for constructing mock galaxy populations. vide uses the watershed levels to place voids in a hierarchical tree, outputs a summary of void properties in plain ASCII, and provides a Python API to perform many analysis tasks, such as loading and manipulating void catalogs and particle members, filtering, plotting, computing clustering statistics, stacking, comparing catalogs, and fitting density profiles. While centered around ZOBOV, the toolkit is designed to be as modular as possible and accommodate other void finders. vide has been in development for several years and has already been used to produce a wealth of results, which we summarize in this work to highlight the capabilities of the toolkit. vide is publicly available at http://bitbucket.org/cosmicvoids/vide public and http://www.cosmicvoids.net.

We present a new measurement of the systemic proper motion of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), based on an expanded set of 30 fields containing background quasars and spanning a ∼3 year baseline, using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST ) Wide Field Camera 3. Combining this data with our previous 5 HST fields, and an additional 8 measurements from the Gaia-Tycho Astrometric Solution Catalog, brings us to a total of 43 SMC fields. We measure a systemic motion of µ W = −0.82 ± 0.02 (random) ± 0.10 (systematic) mas yr −1 and µ N = −1.21 ± 0.01 (random) ± 0.03 (systematic) mas yr −1 . After subtraction of the systemic motion, we find little evidence for rotation, but find an ordered mean motion radially away from the SMC in the outer regions of the galaxy, indicating that the SMC is in the process of tidal disruption. We model the past interactions of the Clouds with each other based on the measured present-day relative velocity between them of 103 ± 26 km s −1 . We find that in 97% of our considered cases, the Clouds experienced a direct collision 147 ± 33 Myr ago, with a mean impact parameter of 7.5 ± 2.5 kpc.