The aim of our research was to determine the use of CA125 and HE4 as prognostic factors in patients with different clinical staging of endometrial cancer. Sixty-two patients with advanced endometrial cancer and 287 patients with early stage endometrial cancer participated in the study. Based on the results obtained in the study, the cut-off value for HE4 was established at 186 pmol/l and correlated with the possibility of cytoreductive surgery in patients with recurrent endometrial cancer. Univariate logistic regression revealed that serum concentrations for the median CA125 correlated with DFS (HR = 1.76, p = 0.033) and OS (HR = 1.42, p = 0.025), while the median of HE4 marker correlated with DFS (HR = 1.96, p = 0.015) and OS (HR = 1.83, p = 0.004). In the multivariate analysis, a decrease in CA125 level below normal range correlated positively with DFS and OS (HR = 1.45, p = 0.026; HR = 1.38, p = 0.037). HE4 levels correlated with DFS as follows: values below the normal range (HR = 2.31, p = 0.01), and with OS (HR = 1.89, p = 0.004). Based on the results obtained in the study, we found that HE4 is a sensitive tool for predicting the risk of recurrence and overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers of the reproductive organ in women. The incidence of it increases from year to year. In our study we assessed role of FGF21 and FGF23 in the diagnostics of patients with endometrial cancer. The study involved 182 patients, who were undergoing abrasion due to perimenopausal bleeding. FGF21, FGF23, and leptin concentration were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays (Luminex Corporation). The median of FGF21 protein (181.8 pg/mL) as well as leptin (16.9 ng/mL) in patients with endometrial cancer was statistically significant higher compared to median of those proteins among patients from control group (152.1 pg/mL and 14.1 ng/mL, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in these groups at median FGF23 concentrations. For FGF21 and leptin, the AUC values were 0.81/0.79, while FGF23, the AUC values was 0.66 for all study patients. Leptin and FGF21 concentrations were statistically significantly higher in patients with poorly differentiated G3 tumors compared to patients with moderately differentiated G2 tumors and with moderately differentiated G2 with highly differentiated G1 respectively: p = 0.02/p = 0.03 and p = 0.02/p = 0.005. FGF21 appears to be useful as a diagnostic as well as prognostic factor in patients with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.

Galectin 3 is a modulator of several basic biological functions. It may be involved in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes—risk factors of endometrial cancer. The study involved 144 patients, after abrasion due to postmenopausal bleeding. Galectin 3 concentrations were quantified in serum by multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. Median serum galectin 3 concentrations revealed significant differences between FIGO III and IV vs. FIGO I and II patients. Statistically higher concentrations were reported for patients with lymph node metastases compared to patients without it (p = 0.001) as well as in patients with lymphovascular space invasion compared to patients without LVSI (p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences were observed for median of galectin 3 levels depending on the surgical procedure (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, p = 0.0608). Patients with galectin 3 levels exceeding the median value were characterized by overall survival being shorter by 11.9 months. High levels of galectin 3 were correlated with shorter disease-free survival, the difference is up to 14.8 months. Galectin 3 can be an independent prognostic factor in patients with endometrial cancer. Among the recognized prognostic factors and the concentrations of the galectin 3 marker at the adopted time points, the univariate analysis showed a significant effect of staging, grading, and cutoff galectin 3 on the OS. For multivariate analysis, the galectin 3 cutoff point had the greatest significant impact on OS.

(1) Background: Disorders of sexual life negatively impact self-esteem and social relationships. This problem affects patients after gynecological surgery. Providing access to specialist sexologist care constitutes an important aspect of support for this patient group. (2) Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the sexual life of women depending on the time since surgery, extent of gynecological surgery and postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. (3) Methods: The study included 136 patients from gynecological outpatient clinics in Szczecin, Poland. The women answered questions from a special three-part questionnaire. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. The data obtained in the survey were subject to statistical analysis. (4) Results: Among patients with a sparing of the cervix, most have never or almost never experienced discomfort or pain during intercourse, and believe that the quality of their sex life has not deteriorated after surgery. It was found that cervical removal, despite the existence of other conditions, increases the chance of pain during sexual activity 11 times. We found that the removal of adnexa did not increase the risk of changing sexual activity. In patients who had not undergone postoperative chemo- and/or radiotherapy, sexual activity did not change after surgery, and they never or almost never experienced discomfort or pain during intercourse. On the other hand, it was shown, despite the smaller study group, that patients treated with postoperative chemo- and/or radiotherapy did not initiate sexual intercourse. (5) Conclusion: The more extended the gynecological surgery of the uterus, the greater the limitation of sexual life.

No abstract