A decomposição da matéria orgânica é um processo natural de reciclagem que resulta na transformação de compostos orgânicos mais complexos em compostos inorgânicos que posteriormente serão reintegrados aos diferentes ciclos de vida de organismos. O presente estudo comparou a taxa de decomposição entre matérias orgânicas de origem vegetal e animal. Utilizamos 500g de folhas secas e 100g de carne de origem bovina, com 10 repetições cada. O material foi depositado em bolsas de confinamento ( litterbags ) e distribuído separadamente na área experimental, em contato com o solo. Nos dias 3, 7 e 21, as bolsas foram pesadas e a taxa de decomposição dos materiais foi quantificada medindo-se a massa remanescente. Verificamos que a taxa de decomposição de matéria orgânica animal é significativamente maior que a taxa de decomposição da matéria orgânica vegetal. Isso é explicado pela maior quantidade de proteínas, lipídeos e açúcares na matéria animal, os quais decompõem rapidamente, em comparação com a maior quantidade de celulose e ligninas no material vegetal, os quais decompõem vagarosamente.
Palavras-chave:Ciclagem de nutrientes, decomposição, litterbags
The mechanisms of Mg-carbonate precipitation in the Earth's modern sedimentary environments has not yet been completely elucidated. However, it is known that the microbial activity is significant to facilitate or induce mineral formation. The organic EPS matrix secreted by microorganisms provide an ideal physicochemical environment to the mineral nucleation. Sediments and water samples were collected at Lagoa Vermelha, Araruama (RJ), Brazil. This lagoon is characterized of being a hypersaline lake, where we can find a range of microorganisms known as halophilic and halotolerant extremophiles that have adaptation strategies to compensate for the harmful effects of high salinity, such as EPS biosynthesis, which is one of the most common protection mechanisms in bacteria, helping to maintain the integrity of their cells’membrane. In the present project, the bacterial capability of bioprecipitation using bacterial isolates from a hypersaline lagoon was investigated by combining microbiological, microscopic and geochemical analytical techniques. The isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce bioprecipitates using this multi-technique approach that includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It was possible to characterize the carbonates formed by the bacteria isolated. Finally, these carbonates could represent a potential target for astrobiological studies of potential potential biosignatures for the search for life beyond Earth.
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