Article traduit par Stéphane Boissellier. 2. Certaines de ces questions peuvent se trouver dans P. P. C , « As Ordens Militares no espaço entre Douro e Tejo (séculos XII-XIII) », M. J. B et I. C. F. F (coord.), Muçulmanos e Cristãos entre o Tejo e o Douro (sécs. VIII a XIII), Palmela, CM Palmela/FLUP, 2005, p. 151-157 ; et du même auteur, « As Ordens Militares portuguesas na estruturação da fronteira », M. E. C et M. G. M (ed.), Frontiere del Mediterraneo. Seminario Internazionale di Studi, Cagliari/Génova/ Torino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Edizioni ETS, 2006, p. 61-76. 3. G. C , « Frontiers in the Middle Ages », O. M et P. P (ed.), Frontiers in the Middle Ages, Louvain-la-Neuve, FIDEM, 2006, p. 3-38. Aux p. 3-4, il souligne la formulation que F. J. Turner a présentée de cette dimension de la frontière en tant qu'espace dynamique avec des implications territoriales, sociales et culturelles ( e signi cance of the frontier for the American History, 1893).

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In the previous volume of this series Filomena Barros proved that in high and late medieval Portugal the activities of external institutions modified well-established processes of building a cohesive multi-ethnic society. 1 Here, we intend to look at the problem from a slightly different angle, that is, reconciling the interests of Portuguese actors in social life, their local traditions, and legal norms with the influence of external institutions on the shape of a multi-ethnic society. For this purpose, we identify references about ethnicity and religious minorities in the Portuguese medieval royal law. This issue places the evidence for the commitment of the military orders within the context of the relationship between the Portuguese Crown and the papacy. Having already researched the viewpoint of the military orders on ethnic and religious minorities, it is important to complete this research by examining how the royal law treats this issue.

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