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The maintenance of bipedal posture is strongly influenced by the balance between the vertebral column and the pelvis. However, there are currently no studies reporting the relationships between sagittal trunk balance and lumbopelvic alignment in healthy children and adolescents, as well as the characteristics and correlations. Therefore the objective of this work was: to describe values of the variables of lombopelvic alignment in asymptomatic children and adolescents, as well as to verify the correlations between the measures of sagittal balance, sacral inclination, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis, regarding the age range of the sample and sex. Were included 39 panoramic digital radiographs in orthostasis of the spine in the right profile incidence in children and adolescents. The variables measured were: thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination and sagittal balance. Intra-and inter-rater reproducibility was performed with 10 randomly selected exams 1 week after initial collection. For better understanding the sample was stratified in sex and age group. The sacral inclination variable showed a significant and high correlation with lumbar lordosis in the total sample (r = 0.664, p <0.001), in the female group (r = 0.665, p = 0.018) and in the age group stratifications (r = 0.667; p = 0.001 and p = 0.005). Being still very high in the male group (r = 0.732, p <0.001). Sacral inclination also showed significant results with sagittal balance, with a moderate correlation (r = 0.325, p = 0.04). There was a correlation between sacral inclination and lumbar lordosis, for all the stratifications of the sample, and also with the sagittal balance analyzing the total sample.

Purpose. the evaluation of the sit-to-stand (StS) movement has been widely studied; however, very different protocols are used, making it difficult to choose a methodology. So, the purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the StS movement assessment protocols for lumbar spine, pelvis, or hip on the basis of video image analysis; (2) to investigate the reference values for these regions range of motion (ROM) using a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods. the searches were conducted in BIREME, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases; manual searches were also performed. two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality and risk of bias. the methodological quality was verified by the Downs and Black scale and the strength of evidence by the GRADE system. Seventeen studies were included, from which data on sample, evaluation protocols, and ROM angles were extracted. Results and conclusions. the studies showed high strength of evidence. Acquisition protocols diverged, but most of the studies utilized 3D video image analysis with optoelectronic systems, backless seat with adjustable height, and asking the subject to perform 3 trials of the movement in self-referred speed, keeping the arms crossed. the meta-analysis provided reference values for adults hip ROM (compared with the thigh) of 81.19-93.71°. For the elderly, the angles for lumbar spine and hip position at the start of the StS movement were 0.20-3.99° and 73.58-78.06°, respectively.Citation: Gelain GM, Schmit EFD, De Mesquita PV, candotti ct. Lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip sit-to-stand assessment pro tocols and ROM reference values: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Hum Mov. 2018;19(3):3-15; doi: https://doi. org/10.5114/hm.2018.76074.