El río Magdalena es una de las cuencas más importantes de Colombia, cuenta con gran cantidad de especies de peces importantes para la economía de muchas comunidades en el país. Sin embargo, una reducción marcada en las poblaciones de distintas especies asociadas se ha presentado por diferentes factores. Dentro de estos, se destaca la construcción de la represa de Betania, como respuesta a los requerimientos energéticos en Colombia. No obstante, especies migratorias como Prochilodus magdalenae, de importancia económica para la pesquería artesanal, se han visto seriamente afectadas, por lo que se ha generado la necesidad de analizar su estructura y diversidad genética, teniendo en cuenta la construcción de la represa como posible factor de fragmentación. Para esto, se hace adecuado el uso de microsatélites como marcador molecular en diferentes localidades de estudio aguas arriba y abajo de la represa. Esto permitió evaluar en 171 individuos el estado de la diversidad genética, cómo se encuentra distribuida esta variabilidad en las localidades de estudio y cómo influyen algunos factores como la construcción de la represa sobre su estructura genética. En este sentido, se obtuvieron 111 alelos distribuidos en siete loci 100 % polimórficos. Los promedios generales para la heterocigosidad observada fueron de 0,2169, mientras que para las esperadas fueron de 0,8316. Los estadísticos de Fst y PhiPT mostraron que existe una moderada diferenciación entre la represa de Betania y todas las localidades muestreadas. El análisis de inferencia bayesiana detectó la coexistencia de tres poblaciones en la cuenca del río, entre las que destaca la de Betania. Estos resultados se pueden estar presentando, debido a la fragmentación que genera la represa en el río, impidiendo el flujo genético entre las localidades aguas arriba y aguas abajo de la represa
Prochilodus magdalenae is an endemic fish species of Colombia known as an important resource of commercial interest for many communities related to fishing activities as a livelihood activity. However, population deterioration has been observed in natural environments due to factors such as overfishing, fragmentation of ecosystems, among others. This makes it necessary to characterize the genetic diversity of P. magdalenae in the productive systems of some fish farms, which are used to restocking in other basins of Colombia and, thus, to propose technical and scientific criteria that allow the development of management strategies for the conservation of this species. Therefore, in 2013, caudal fin tissue was collected from 1044 individuals in seven fish farms, which were processed in the laboratory. Through the use of seven microsatellites, genetic metrics such as: observed and expected heterozygosity, number of alleles, fixation indexes, F statistics, Bayesian grouping and AMOVA were evaluated. We observed low heterozygosity, correlated with inbreeding processes, which contrast with the high values obtained in the expected heterozygosity index and the number of alleles detected in P. magdalenae productive systems. A moderate genetic differentiation between fish centers was detected and the existence of three genetic groups was observed through the Bayesian analysis. Despite the low diversity reported regarding the others species of the same genus, populations held in Bocachico captivity have the potential to restore the diversity of wild populations. Therefore, it is suggested that each fish station should establish batches of breeders separately, based on their genetic information so that there is congruence between the released individuals and those that inhabit the natural environment. Key words: Bocachico; Reophilic fish; Magdalena Basin; Genetic structure; Fish farms.
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