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Pasting, rheological, and textural properties of potato and corn starch pastes and gels with different amounts of cassia gum were investigated. Significant effect of cassia gum on pasting characteristic of the starches was found. A decrease and an increase in peak viscosity of potato and corn starch systems, respectively, was observed with increase in cassia gum concentration. The final viscosity, extent of breakdown and setback viscosity were increasing with increasing cassia gum level in both starch systems. The effect of cassia gum on steady flow behavior of the starch pastes differed among the starches. however, all the systems with higher cassia gum concentration exhibited higher shear stress values than their control counterparts. The starch-cassia gum systems were classified as weak gels and their elastic properties were decreasing by the amount of cassia gum. Presence of cassia gum resulted in changes in textural properties of the starch gels, however, the changes were not always consistent with the increase in cassia gum concentration.

The purpose of this study was to determine antioxidant activity and the most abundant phenolics of nine commercial dark beers. In order to estimate the content of both free and bound forms of beer phenolics, the beer samples were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed beer samples exhibited the significantly higher antioxidant activity measured using 2,2'-azino-bis (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays as compared with nonhydrolyzed ones which was associated with the release of free forms of beer phenolics after hydrolysis. The predominant phenolic compounds in analyzed dark beers were hydroxycinnamic acids, especially ferulic and synapic acids, as well as gallic acid belonging to hydroxybenzoic acids. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to differentiate the investigated dark beers in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity for both hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed beer samples.