ResumenDiversas investigaciones han observado que la rumiación se asocia a consecuencias negativas en el bienestar y salud mental, y que podría ser uno de los factores que contribuya al ánimo y trastornos depresivos en las adolescentes. Recientemente se ha propuesto que el concepto habitualmente empleado de rumiación abarca al menos dos dimensiones distintas, la reflexión y la rumiación negativa. Sería esta última la más perjudicial. La presente investigación evalúa, de forma prospectiva, la influencia de la reflexión y la rumiación negativa en el desarrollo de sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de 268 adolescentes de sexo femenino. La primera medición se realizó cuando éstas cursaban primero medio; la segunda medición corresponde a la obtenida en el seguimiento de un año. Los resultados confirman que la rumiación negativa es efectivamente un factor de riesgo de desarrollo de síntomas depresivos. También se confirmó que la reflexión no muestra ninguna asociación significativa en términos prospectivos con estos últimos, sólo transversal. Estos resultados corroboran la utilidad de delimitar mejor el concepto de rumiación e indican que sería conveniente que las estrategias destinadas a prevenir y tratar la depresión en adolescentes aborden la existencia de patrones rumiativos negativos.Palabras claves: Pensamiento repetitivo, reflexión, rumiación, depresión, ansiedad, adolescencia. AbstractDifferent studies have found that rumination is associated with negative consequences for wellbeing and mental health. This indicates that rumination could be one of the factors that contribute to mood and depressive disorders in female adolescents. Recently it has been suggested that the concept of rumination includes at least two different dimensions: reflection and negative rumination. The latter would be the most harmful. This research assessed, in a prospective basis, the influence of reflection and negative rumination n the development of depressive symptoms in a sample of 268 female adolescents. The first measurement was undertaken when the group was attending their first grade of secondary education and this assessment was repeated a year later. The results confirm that negative rumination is indeed a risk factor for development of depressive symptoms. It was also confirmed that the reflection showed no significant prospective associations but only an association with transactional analyses. These results confirm the need of refining the concept of rumination and the value of addressing the negative ruminative patterns when defining the strategies to prevent and treat depression in adolescents

Victims of domestic violence experience numerous physical and psychological sequels, the most common being Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In this research, a sample of 42 women who consulted about domestic violence is characterized, to evaluate the presence of PTSD in them, along with the perception of their own situation and the attention received in the institutions and programs that helped them. Using a semistructured interview and the Gravity Scale of PTSD 1 , it was found that 40.5% of the sample met the criteria of PTSD, and 26.2% presented signifi cant sub-umbral symptomatology. 39.3% of women whose violence situation had ended, still presented PTSD. Most women value the psychological support obtained, and they regard it as the most important component of the required attention. Results show the importance of strengthening the psychological component of interventions destined to domestic violence victims and, in particular, of considering post-traumatic symptomatology as one of the most important objectives of the intervention.

Este trabajo cumple con los requisitos sobre consentimiento /asentimiento informado, comité de ética, financiamiento, estudios animales y sobre la ausencia de conflictos de intereses según corresponda.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Sexually Abused Children and Adolescents Introduction: The development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a frequently observed effect of sexual abuse among children and adolescents. Objectives: This study focused on the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents who were victims of sexual abuse. Method: A sample of 75 sexually abused children and adolescentes seeking outpatient care were evaluated utilizing a Children's Post Traumatic Stress Scale (CPSS). Results: 21.3% met the criteria for PTSD, an additional 16% met the criteria for a SubSyndrome. Conclusions: These data confi rm the importance of focusing on post-traumatic symptomatology on sexually abused children and adolescents. Equally important is the fi nding that the majority of the children in the sample did not show symptomatology at the time of the study.

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