No âmbito das intervenções arqueológicas no Castro de Cidadelhe (Mesão Frio) decorridas entre outubro e dezembro de 2013, foram recolhidas 14 amostras sedimentares com o objetivo de serem analisadas nas suas componentes antracológica e carpológica. A área amostrada – sondagem 1 - localiza-se junto à principal linha de muralha do povoado e abrange duas fases de ocupação do povoado: a mais antiga (Fase I) prévia à ocupação do sitio, e a mais recente (Fase II) em plena ocupação romana.Apesar das limitações impostas pela pequena dimensão de área escavada, foi possível identificar duas fases distintas de cobertura vegetal ambas com forte influência antrópica. Na fase mais antiga, identificou-se um ambiente constituído por fetos e espécies herbáceas associadas a ambientes ruderais e infestantes de campos de cultivo, pontuadas por carvalhos caducifólios e perenifólios. O segundo momento (Fase II) remete para cultivos cerealíferos (trigo vestido e milho-miúdo) e para recolhas de lenha de espécies silvestres assim como para eventuais práticas de silvicultura refletidas na presença de castanheiro, figueira, nogueira e videira no mesmo contexto arqueológico. From October to December 2013, several soil samples were recovered during the archaeological excavations of the settlement of Cidadelhe (Mesão Frio, Northern Portugal) in order to undergo archaeobotanical analysis. These samples are originated from two separate groups of contexts: one prior to the construction of the settlement’s wall (Phase 1 – 8th to the 9th century BC) and the remaining in the reinforced buttress of the wall, built during the Roman period (Phase II).Despite the reduced excavation area, this archaeobotanical study allowed the identification of two distinct ecological moments, both with strong anthropic influences and closely related to the archaeological phases recorded on site. The first and older phase, prior to the construction of the wall, refers to an environment with the presence of herbaceous ruderal species, ferns, deciduous and evergreen oaks. The second phase heavily contrasts with the latter, with the presence of a much wider range of species such as cereals (emmer and broomcorn millet) and a set of species (chestnut, walnut, fig tree and vine tree) which strongly infer their active cultivation.
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