This study evaluated Hg and MeHg concentrations in fish muscle and children hair from Cubatão, using as strategies: i) Hg and MeHg determinations in the mostly consumed fish species, ii) Hg and MeHg determinations in 93 children hair samples (from 04 to 14 years old), and iii) analysis on the children diet consumption questionnaire answered by the respective parents. The results obtained in a similar study in Cananeia were used as references. These two regions show different environmental anthropogenic impacts and distinct eating habits. The quantity and the frequency of fish consumption were the most important factors of Hg bioaccumulation in children hair. In both cities, 95 % of mercury contents in hair were >1 mg.kg-1 (US EPA reference) in analyzed children, and MeHg were between 67 and 83 % of total Hg. The median for total Hg concentration in fish muscle (wet basis) ranged from 10 to 179 µg.kg-1 for Cananéia and 10 to 181 µg.kg-1 for Cubatão, values lower than the Brazilian limits for Hg in fish. Considering the Hg contents detected in the mostly consumed fish and hair, they indicate that the children are not at risk for Hg and MeHg contamination. Keywords. mercury, methylmercury, children, hair, fish, food habit. RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a concentração de Hg e MeHg em amostras de peixes e de cabelos de crianças de Cubatão, usando-se como estratégia: i) Hg total e MeHg em peixes mais consumidos; ii) Hg total e MeHg em cabelos de 93 crianças (04 a 14 anos); iii) análise do inquérito alimentar respondido pelos pais. Os dados obtidos em estudo similar realizado em Cananéia foram usados como referência. Essas duas regiões estuarinas, sob diferentes graus de impacto ambiental, apresentam diferentes hábitos alimentares. A quantidade e a frequência de consumo de peixes foram os fatores mais importantes na bioacumulação de Hg nos cabelos. Em ambas as cidades, 95 % das concentrações de Hg total nos cabelos foram abaixo de 1 mg.kg-1 (limite US EPA) e o percentual de MeHg ocorreu entre 67 e 83 % em relação ao teor de Hg total. As medianas para Hg total nos músculos (base úmida) variaram de 10 a 179 µg.kg-1 para peixes de Cananéia e 10 a 181 µg.kg-1 de Cubatão, inferiores ao limite da legislação brasileira para Hg. A partir dos teores para Hg total e MeHg em peixes mais consumidos e cabelos, as crianças parecem não estar em risco de contaminação. Palavras-chave. mercúrio, metilmercúrio, cabelo, crianças, peixe, hábito alimentar.
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