Two new species of Callibaetis are described based on nymphs and adults of both genders. Specimens were collected in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, in the Southeastern region of Brazil. With the description of C. fluminensis sp. n. and C. capixaba sp. n. we increase the number of species in the genus Callibaetis in Brazil to eleven.
1. Environmental changes are increasingly frequent, resulting in adverse impacts on biodiversity. These effects are more harmful when superimposed on areas of high biodiversity such as the Amazon region, in which the gaps in knowledge of the number of existing species and how they are distributed.
This article reviews the known geographical distributions of Ephemeroptera in theBrazilian Amazon based on the current uneven sampling effort to identify which species and biodiversity hotspots are poorly protected, and where more work is required to address the conservation needs of this group.3. A sampling effort index was created to identify which areas have the highest potential mayfly richness and the greatest concentration of knowledge gaps. The mayfly records were combined with environmental variables to generate predictive models of the areas suitable for mayflies using species distribution modelling, and species that lack protection in conservation units and indigenous territories were indicated as priorities for future inventories. Caenis pflugfelderi, Microphlebia surinamensis, Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus and Tricorythodes sp. nov.were identified as threatened in the Brazilian Amazon given that they were recorded in an unprotected area of intense land use with a restricted potential distribution.4. Mayflies have been recorded in only 5% of the Brazilian Amazon biome. The model indicated a greater diversity in the northern and north-eastern Amazon.The sampling effort index indicated a total area of 46,225 km 2 in mayfly biodiversity not protected by conservation units or indigenous territories.5. This study raises awareness of the importance of intensifying studies of Ephemeroptera in the Brazilian Amazon, and demonstrates that the conservation units or indigenous territories do not protect many species.
-A new genus (Callibaetoides) and species (Callibaetoides caaigua) of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) is described based on nymphs and adults of both genders collected in forested areas of Amazonia and Mata Atlaˆntica biomes. The nymphs were collected from leaf packs accumulated in the backwaters of small streams. The genus and species can be easily distinguished from other members of the family in South America by the following combination of characteristics: male and female imagos with costal process of hind wing centrally located and strongly projected; marginal intercalary veins long and paired in male imago; nymphs with deep medial emargination of labrum, maxillary palp three segmented and third segment of labial palp quadrangular.
Baetidae was one of the first families established for mayflies (Ephemeroptera). After more than 200 years of progressive research, Baetidae is now known as the most species‐rich family in the order. Two competing proposals of family division were proposed: Cloeoninae and Baetinae, or Protopatellata and Anteropatellata. Both classifications were established without cladistic support. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the family Baetidae using morphological evidence and evaluate these classification schemes. The matrix included 245 morphological characters derived from larval and adult stages across 164 species in 98 genera. The resulting tree recovered Anteropatellata, Protopatellata and Cloeoninae as not monophyletic; Baetinae and Baetovectata were recovered as monophyletic with the same circumscription. Subimaginal and imaginal characters presented the lowest homoplastic values and were the best to understand the higher relationships.
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