Allylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes 1a-k with allyltrichlorosilane 2 can be catalyzed by the new heterobidentate, terpene-derived bipyridine N-monoxides 4, 6a,b, and 8-11 (=10 mol %) to afford (S)-(-)-3 with high enantioselectivities (=99% ee). The stereochemical outcome has been found to be controlled by the axial chirality of the catalyst, which in turn is determined by the central chirality of the annulated terpene units. Solvent effects on the conversion and the level of asymmetric induction have been elucidated, and MeCN has been identified as the optimal solvent for these catalysts.
The activation of C-H bonds has become a widely used method which allows for the direct transformation of C-H bonds into synthetically more valuable C-C and C-X bonds in a selective manner. This critical review aims to summarize and to highlight a specific subgroup of these transformations, C-H activation reactions of chiral substrates bearing diastereotopic hydrogen atoms at methylene groups (95 references).
Diastereotopos-differentiation is the key feature of the catalytic C-H amination at the benzylic position of substrate 1. Essentially independent of the functional group X (X = COOMe, PO(OEt)(2), SO(2)Ph, NO(2), CN, OAc), the depicted products 2 are formed with good (dr = 80/20) to excellent (dr > 95/5) diastereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds without racemization and possesses potential for the C-H amination of open-chain substrates.
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