The Czech Republic benefits from its geographical location, relatively cheap and educated labour force, industrial tradition, high economic growth, and political stability. During the last two decades, Czech-Chinese relations have intensified mainly in terms of trade but also in investment and, in more recent years, also at the political level. In this paper, we assess existing trade and investment relations between the two countries, the Czech Republic’s potential for Chinese trade and investment presence in the EU in comparison to other V4 countries, and also explore the future opportunities and threats for more intensified relations. The trade analysis reveals that the fragmentation of world production has enabled more Chinese value added exports to reach the EU western markets through processing in the Czech Republic. Mutual cooperation can be beneficial for both sides as long as both countries avoid corruption, bridge cultural differences, deal with profit repatriation and prevent misconduct in property rights.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expectations of the management of different industries in the Czech Republic related to governmental support for their implementation of Industry 4.0 and their preparedness for the challenges associated with these technological changes. Mixed research, specifically exploratory sequential design, was used. The findings of qualitative data analyses from in-depth semi-structured interviews (n=41) with representatives of different industry sectors formed subsequent quantitative data collection (N=146, the board of management members representing various industries) through survey items corresponding with formalized research questions. The findings revealed a strong group of companies already implementing Industry 4.0 elements (85% of respondents) driven by companies with 250+ employees. As perceived by the management, the critical threat related to the workforce is a lack of skilled labour. Managers tend to prefer a transparent business environment without state interventions or interventions targeted to strategic state industries, preferably to the spheres of education, research & development, energy sector, sustainable agriculture, and healthcare. The results indicate that the easier administration and education reform are among the companies' boldest expectations from the government, among general conditions for current business. Implications for the Central European audience: Central European companies face challenges related to implementing the Industry 4.0 elements. Therefore, the findings that aim to contribute to the debate addressing administration simplification, business environment transparency, and reform of the education system are considered relevant for the CE audience.
This article deals with the topic of European imbalances. They are defined as large and persistent differences in the current account position of European countries, which are closely connected to the emergence of the financial crisis and the subsequent sovereign debt crisis in 2008. A build-up in current account deficits had been observed from the mid-1990s, namely in two peripheral regions of the EU. However, little attention was paid to the potential differences between the Southern and Central European peripheries of the EU. The emergence of large and persistent current account deficits in Southern Europe was accompanied by a significant shift in gains from global value chains. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the factors that co-determined the changes in the geographic structure of GVCs in Europe. These changes decreased GVC income in Southern Europe, increased it in Central Europe and contributed to the build-up of account imbalances in Southern Europe. Despite the fact that Central Europe was among the deficit regions in European imbalances, the four Central European countries substantially increased their gains from global value chains as well as GVC participation. The shift in GVC activity towards Central Europe between 1995 and 2011 was driven not only by total labour costs but also by better regulatory quality. At the same time, TNCs switching from Southern to Central Europe had to accept worse quality contract enforcement.
Světová fi nanční a ekonomická krize začala v roce 2007 v souvislosti s pády bank a jiných fi nančních institucí v USA a posléze i v Evropě, aby pak pokračovala v letech následujících vstupem států do těchto institucí, záchrannými balíčky ze strany států na pomoc významným odvětvím a fi rmám a obecně krizovým řízením ekonomik v nastalé situaci. I když ještě nedošlo k plnému zotavení ekonomik a spekuluje se, zda je již nejhorší nebezpečí zažehnáno, či zda dojde k opětovnému poklesu jednotlivých hospodářství a ekonomický vývoj získá tvar nikoli pouze písmene "V," ale "W," svět prozatím hodnotí proběhlé události a vytváří predikce dalšího vývoje. Co je však podstatné, je otázka zejména budoucí prevence podobných krizí a vyvození poučení z proběhlé situace. V nejobecnějším slova smyslu lze říci, že krize poukázala na podstatný a zásadní střet trhu a státu. Tento střet nabýval na síle od skončení druhé světové války, kdy v souvislosti s otevíráním národních ekonomik docházelo k propojování trhů do trhů mezinárodních, jež skýtaly možnost efektivnější alokace zdrojů a efektivnějšího fungování, avšak národní státy stále existovaly jako politické entity vymezené státními hranicemi v systému, jehož základní rysy defi noval již roku 1648 Vestfálský mír. V etapě globalizace je pak vztah trh-stát zatím relativně nejkontroverznější a proběhlá fi nanční a ekonomická krize je toho příkladem: na jedné straně v ní stály trhy vskutku již globální -mezinárodní fi nanční trhy -a na straně druhé pak národní státy ve své nezměněné -teritoriálně defi nované -podobě. Přes zřejmou skutečnost, že prostor ekonomický přesahuje prostor politický, a že tudíž je třeba otázky politických rozhodnutí přesunout na vyšší než národní, tedy * Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, Katedra světové ekonomiky (martina.jirankova@vse.cz, pavel.hnat@vse.cz).Stať vznikla v rámci řešení Výzkumného záměru Fakulty mezinárodních vztahů VŠE č. MSM6138439909 Governance v kontextu globalizované ekonomiky a společnosti.
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