The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of ammonium nitrate fertilizer on the growth and yield of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil grown in Northern Kazakhstan. One-factor analysis proved that the introduction of ammonium nitrate positively affected the growth and yield of O. vulgare L., the yield of essential oil and the content of its individual components. Plant height increased by 19.3%, bush size – by 17.4%, yield – by 11.8%. Essential oil output of O. vulgare L. at the experimental site, compared to the control site, increased by 20% and the yield of extraction reached 0.60% and 0.48%, respectively. The largest number of components was related to monoterpenes (52.57% in the experimental section, -50.10% in the control section), the most common were γ-Terpinene, β-Sabinene, Carvacrol and trans-β-Ocimene. Sesquiterpene content in the experimental sample was 37.19%, compared to 38.5250% in the control sample, in which Germacrene D and Caryophyllene were the most common components. Cluster analysis showed that the essential oil composition of O. vulgare L. from Kazakhstan is similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from Moldova, Poland, Turkey (Anatolia), Latvia and Russia. Germacrene D, Carvacrol and β-Sabinene were the binding components of plants from Kazakhstan and Moldova. The similarity between plants from Kazakhstan and other countries in the same cluster was due to the Germacrene D content (cluster’s average value was 10.1%) and the content of Spathulenol (4.9%).