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Abstract. Beginning of the construction of Temelin Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in south Bohemia (CR) dates back to 1986. It was planned that the first water-cooled reactor could be put into operation in 2001. A research project (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998), funded from the national budget and carried out under supervision of the Czech Ministry of Environment, was aimed at examining pre-operational environmental conditions (a reference level) in terms of concentrations of radioactive and non-radioactive polluting substances in components of the environment, particularly in the hydrosphere, and at predicting possible impacts of future operation of Temelin NPP. Special attention paid to the hydrosphere was associated with requirements for protection of water quality in the Vltava River, which serves as drinking water resource for Prague capital.The observation and research activities continue during the following period (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) within the framework of a project sponsored by Czech Power Company. The paper summarises selected results of the projects, particularly those concerning pre-operational environmental conditions and impacts predicted for standard operation of the plant. More detailed description of the results, including possible impacts of the so called maximum project accident, is presented in [1][2][3]. To the date of the conference, the releases of tritium and other radionuclides from the plant into the hydrosphere were much less than the authorised limits.

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Abstract. The pilot operation of the nuclear power plant (NPP) Temelín first block was started up in 2001 and of the second block in 2002. Since 1990, the systematic attention has been paid to the monitoring of the hydrosphere reference level in the NPP Temelín vicinity. The Temelín NPP waste water influence has been monitored and assessed since 2001. The monitoring has been focused especially on the tritium, strontium-90 and caesium-137 concentration changes in water, river bottom sediments, fish, and in the water plants biomass. The observed half-lives indicate that the strontium-90 and caesium-137 releases fully interfere with the residual contamination after the nuclear weapons tests and the Chernobyl accident in the last century. Only the tritium concentrations in water samples, taken in the Vltava River downstream from the NPP Temelín waste water outflow, show a measurable influence.