Dual-fuel mode internal combustion engines need perfect conditions to ignite the mixture of air and fuel without the use of a spark plug. A perfect mixture of fuel and air is essential for the most effective ignition, and this is a technical challenge. Ignition systems have been developed for use in internal combustion engines. Structural aspects of advanced combustion technology engines like compression ratio, exhaust gas recirculation rate, fuel ratio, and piston bowl geometry can influence heat regulation during the combustion process, increase the load range of the engine and reduce the formation of NOx, soot, and other emissions formed during the combustion process. This article shows how such an engine could be constructed.
Large transoceanic ships use marine ancillary diesel engines for generating electricity, which, on the other hand, produce a remarkable amount of harmful emissions during the combustion process. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) establishes standards that limit the amount of harmful emissions produced during the engine combustion cycle in maritime transport. Because of this restriction, new alternative fuels entered the market. Experiments had been performed with various testing fuels created from biodiesel and ULSD-F (Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel-Fuel) in the ratios of 0%, 50%, 80%, and 100%. During the tests, the engine ran at different speeds and loads so that the mixed fuel influence on engine operation could be observed in detail and investigated.
The presented scientific study is focused on a complex
analysis
of power output and emission parameters concerning an experimental
motorcycle. In spite of the fact that there are at disposal considerable
theoretical and experimental results, which include also matters of
the L-category vehicles, there is, in general, a lack of data covering
the experimental tests and power output characteristics of racing,
high-power engines that represent a technological peak in the given
segment. This situation is caused by an aversion of motorcycle producers
to publicize their newest information, especially in the case of the
latest high-tech applications. The given study is focused on all the
main results obtained from the operational tests performed on the
motorcycle engine in two testing cases: first with the original arrangement
of the installed piston combustion engine series produced and second
with the modified engine configuration proposed in order to increase
the combustion process efficiency. Three kinds of engine fuel were
tested and mutually compared within the performed research work: the
first was the experimental top fuel used in the world motorcycle competition
4SGP, the second was the sustainable experimental fuel, the so-called
superethanol e85 developed for maximum power output and minimum emission,
and the third was the standard fuel, which is commonly available at
gas stations. Applicable fuel mixtures were also created with the
aim to analyze their power output and emission parameters. Finally,
these fuel mixtures were compared with the top technological products
available in the given area.
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