Objectives: To determine the incidence and types of ophthalmic complications associated with maxillofacial trauma over a period of 24 months.Methods: An institutional prospective study was conducted on 62 patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma to study the correlation between facial trauma and ophthalmic complications.Results: Road traffic accidents were reported to be the primary etiologic factor for most trauma cases studied. Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture was associated with more ophthalmic complications while fractures involving the orbital rims and walls were associated with severe complications.Conclusions: Maxillofacial trauma, particularly those associated with midface, including ZMC fracture, Le Fort II, Le Fort III, and naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures, can commonly cause ophthalmic complications and blindness in rare cases. Hence, every patient with maxillofacial trauma should undergo an ophthalmic examination and should be placed under close observation for necessary treatment when required.

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La mort d'un patient en situation palliative sous opioïde génère parfois un fort sentiment de culpabilité. « Ai-je précipité le décès du patient avec mon traitement opioïde ? » Bien que la littérature soit très claire quant à la sécurité des opioïdes utilisés correctement pour la gestion de la dyspnée ou de la douleur en soins palliatifs, il se peut que, dans certaines situations, on puisse en douter. Le médecin, face à sa crainte de nuire en administrant des opioïdes, pourrait être tenté de sous-traiter le patient, au risque de l'abandonner à sa souffrance. D'un autre côté, l'impuissance face à l'intensité de la souffrance du patient pourrait amener le médecin à vouloir le soulager à tout prix, au risque d'un geste euthanasiant. Cet article propose un aperçu du principe du double effet, comme élément de réponse à ce dilemme éthique. Extreme end-of-life situations and opioids : the double effect principle, a helpful guideThe death of a patient taking opioids can generate strong feelings of guilt. « Have I hastened my patient's death by my administration of opioids ? » Doubts may arise in certain situations, despite the proven safety of appropriate opioid use in the management of dyspnea and pain in the palliative care setting. Fearing the harms of opioid administration, some medical practitioners may undertreat patients, forsaking them to suffering. Other doctors, desperate to relieve their excruciating suffering at all cost, may in fact have recourse to euthanizing acts. This article seeks to answer this ethical dilemma with an overview of the double effect principle.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are aptly regarded as the backbone of the Indian economy. The small scale sector occupies a position of prominence in the Indian economy, contributing to more than fifty percent of the industrial production in terms of value accumulation. The sector accounts for 33.33% of the export revenue and employs the highest manpower next to agriculture. MSMEs are recognized as important constituent of the national economy.In North Bengal, Siliguri town traditionally possessed skilled labour efficient in making various handicraft items, like carpet, woolen garments, jackets, handloom products, cane and bamboo craft, ornaments, embroidery work, jute work, and pottery. These industries mainly operate in micro and small scale, and do good business during the tourist season. Their market is not confined to Siliguri alone but different states of India. However, these MSMEs suffer from a lack of adequate training and face problems in managing working capital. With proper training and adequate financial assistance from the local or state authority, they can be improved to compete with any other organized sector in the country. This paper is an attempt to explore the components of governance in micro and small scale industry and their management pattern in the area of Siliguri.