Background:The results of previous studies indicate on a higher level of psychomotor abilities among players with a high sports level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of selected psychomotor handball goalkeepers with a high level of sports. Material and methods:The research involved 12 goalkeepers appearing in PGNiG Superleague. Psychomotor performance tests were conducted using the Vienna Test System. The following tests were carried out: RT version S1 measuring the simple reaction time, RT version S3 measuring reaction time with a choice. The ZBA test version S3-linear form was used to measure time-space anticipation. Results:The average time of the simple reaction was 200.33 ms, while the average motor time was 78.33 ms. These results are on the T scale near the upper limit of the scale. The average response time in the reaction time with the choice was 292.67 ms, while the average motor time was 75.50 ms. The results are above norm. The time anticipation was 0.78 s. The anticipation of the direction was 21.75. Conclusions:Handball goalkeepers indicate a high level of simple reaction time and reaction time with choice.Players anticipate a place better than the time the object appears.

Introduction. In sports success depends on how well the players are prepared for the match in terms of their technical, tactical and motor skills, as well as their mental attitude. The training process is focused on improving the players' capabilities and eliminating their errors. The aim of the study was to describe the errors made in handball matches taking into account their timing and quantity.Material and methods. The material consisted of recordings of 50 matches of men's handball held in the EHF Champions League in 2012-2013. The study included 8 teams that took part in the tournament. The following matches were analysed for each team: 4 matches in the knockout stage (2 played at home and 2 away) and 4 in the group stage (2 at home and 2 away). The errors were determined based on EHF regulations.Results. A difference was found between the errors committed in matches at home and away in the knockout stage. The most errors (35) in this stage of the tournament were made between the 25th and 30th minute, and the fewest (18) between the 30th and 35th minute, in both cases in matches played at home. In the group stage the most errors (36) were made between the 40th and 45th minute away, and the fewest (15) between the 10th and 15th minute at home. In the knockout stage the four teams made a total of 632 errors, including 71 errors made by the winner of the tournament, who committed the smallest number of errors. The smallest number of errors (53) in the group stage were made by HC Metalurg Skopje.Conclusions. The number of errors made did not have a direct influence on a team's position in the tournament, but the winner made the least errors in the knockout stage. The differences between the numbers of errors made in the knockout stage may indicate that the players were more comfortable when playing at home. The support of fans may be one of the factors which contribute to the fact that players commit fewer errors in this stage of the tournament. The rise in the number of errors made towards the end of the match, on the other hand, is most likely due to an increased level of physical and emotional fatigue, particularly considering the risk of being eliminated from the tournament.

Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine whether the level of psychomotor skills differentiates the actions of hand-ball goalkeepers in the situation of throws from the wing position.Material and methods. The research material was a video recording of goalkeepers’ saves during throws from wing positions. The research covered 11 goalkeepers who play in PGNiG Men’s Superleague (Poland). Psychomotor skills tests were conducted based on the Vienna Test System. The RT test version S.1 was used to measure simple reaction time, while the RT test version S.3 was used to measure choice reaction time. The ZBA test version S.3 in the linear form was used to measure time-space anticipation. The analysis of saves was carried out according to Norkowski’s concept.Results. We showed a difference in the number of throws after reducing the defensive area between the goalkeepers with higher and lower reaction time values. A high correlation was found rs = 0.62 p < 0.05 between reaction time (RT) and saves after reducing the defensive area with a step out/dive. There is a strong relationship between DT motor time and saves after reducing the defensive area with a step out/dive rs = 0.74, p < 0.05. There is a high correlation between a fast-paced save after a delay and time anticipation rs = 0.64, p < 0.05.Conclusions. The level of psychomotor abilities is a factor that differentiates handball goalkeepers’ actions in saves from the wing position. The level of psychomotor skills and the actions of handball goalkeepers are interconnected.

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Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine whether the level of selected psychomotor abilities is a predictor of goalkeepers’ actions performed when saving throws made by the attacker in and without contact with the defender depending on the court area from which the throws are made. Material and Methods. The study included ten leading goalkeepers of the Polish PGNiG Superleague. The research material was a video recording of 1369 goalkeeper saves during throws without contact between the attacking player and the defender and 898 with contact. To assess goalkeepers’ actions, the observation method categorized according to Norkowski’s concept was used. The level of selected psychomotor abilities was assessed using the Vienna Test System. RT (ver.S.1) – simple reaction time, RT (ver.S.3) – reaction time with choice; ZBA (ver.S.3) – time-space anticipation. The statistical test used was the regression analysis. Results. The research results presented indicate that selected psychomotor abilities are the predictors of goalkeepers’ actions in the context of the court area from which a throw is made depending on the contact between the thrower and the defender. Predictors of the effectiveness of interventions during throws from pivot positions (without contact with the defender) are simple reaction time, motor time and time anticipation (y = 0.40326RTSRT - 0.66451MTSRT - 0.62533TA - 0.18835RTCRT + 69.58). The predictor of the effectiveness of interventions during throws from backcourt position from the first line (without contact with the defender) is reaction time with choice (y = -0.15796RTCRT + 70.92). Conclusions. Specific psychomotor abilities should be developed to increase goalkeepers’ effective actions and reduce errors that result in ineffective saves, i.e. the loss of goals.