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Cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to eluates of a ceramic-polymer composite biomaterial in cultured human hs-27 cells; possible application for bone regeneration. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 66: 159-164.The idea of bone tissue regeneration calls for the development of new biomaterials. We designed a novel ceramic-polymer composite material that expresses the feature of drug carrier to restore facial and cranial bone defects. The ceramic phase consists of BCP with different proportions of HAp/â-TCP, while the polymer phase is poly(D, L-lactide) which is a carrier for clindamycin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the eluates of the designed biomaterial have the potential to cause inflammatory response or express cytotoxicity in vitro. The elution was carried out for 24 hours or 6 days. Cells were incubated for 24 or 48 h with eluates of six types of materials: HP1 group (HAp with polylactide in composition 61%-39%); HP2 group (HAp with polylactide in composition 80%-20%); HPC group (HAp with polylactide and clindamycin); BP group (BCP with polylactide); BPC group (BCP with polylactide and clindamycin); B group (BCP). Cytotoxicity was determined with a commercial cytotoxicity kit on human fibroblasts from the hs-27 cell line. ELISA was used to measure cytokine expression for pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8. Eluates of the novel ceramic-polymer composite material with the feature of a drug carrier (BCP and polylactide with clindamycin) did not produce a cytotoxic effect in the human fibroblast hs-27 cell line, nor did any of the tested biomaterials. The tested materials did not influence the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore the novel ceramic-polylactide composite material may be further tested in vivo as a promising alternative for known biomaterials in bone defect reconstruction.