Recently, small compound-based therapies have provided new insights into the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by inducing oxidative impairment. Kinetin riboside (KR) and newly designed derivatives (8-azaKR, 7-deazaKR) selectively affect the molecular pathways crucial for cell growth by interfering with the redox status of cancer cells. Thus, these compounds might serve as potential alternatives in the oxidative therapy of GBM. The increased basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GBM support the survival of cancer cells and cause drug resistance. The simplest approach to induce cell death is to achieve the redox threshold and circumvent the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Consequently, cells become more sensitive to oxidative stress (OS) caused by exogenous agents. Here, we investigated the effect of KR and its derivatives on the redox status of T98G cells in 2D and 3D cell culture. The use of spheroids of T98G cells enabled the selection of one derivative—7-deazaKR—with comparable antitumor activity to KR. Both compounds induced ROS generation and genotoxic OS, resulting in lipid peroxidation and leading to apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrated that KR and 7-deazaKR modulate the cellular redox environment of T98G cells, and vulnerability of these cells is dependent on their antioxidant capacity.

The number of diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is on the rise, which encourages the search for their causes spurs researchers to study co-occurrence of ASD with other diseases and disorders. This study aims at highlighting the importance of the clinical problem of autism spectrum disorders and its comorbidity with epilepsy. This is one of the most common co-morbidities happening to children.Regarding the psychopathological symptoms, it needs emphasizing that both in case of an isolated ASD and epilepsy itself, the accompanying psychiatric symptoms are confirmed. The research conducted so far also shows that in the course of epilepsy in the child / youth, mental health problems are often revealed, particularly depression and anxiety disorders. Episodes of depression and anxiety disorders are also mentioned as the most common comorbid psychopathological symptoms associated with ASD. An accurate and rapid diagnosis of epilepsy can improve the functioning of the child in the family environment and can improve communication skills. It is also important for the overall intellectual and psychological development. Making a correct diagnosis of the problem is equally crucial as choosing the right methods of medical and psychological care. Moreover,, it determines the early use of adequate, safe and effective forms of treatment.

Small compounds are a large group of chemicals characterized by various biological properties. Some of them also have antiaging potential, which is mainly attributed to their antioxidant activity. In this study, we examined the antiaging effect of 4-N-Furfurylcytosine (FC), a cytosine derivative belonging to a group of small compounds, on budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We chose this yeast model as it is known to contain multiple conserved genes and mechanisms identical to that of humans and has been proven to be successful in aging research. The chronological lifespan assay performed in the study revealed that FC improved the viability of yeast cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, enhanced mitochondrial activity, together with reduced intracellular ROS level, was observed in FC-treated yeast cells. The gene expression analysis confirmed that FC treatment resulted in the restriction of the TORC1 signaling pathway. These results indicate that FC has antiaging properties.

In the patient's neuropsychiatric assessment it is important to evaluate the premorbid intelligence funǤ Ǥ ivided into four ǣ ǡ ǯ -ǡ Ǥ ǡ cǡ ǡ rbidity factors.

Despite significant advances in the treatment and rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients, high relapse rates in the course of this disease are still observed, frequently resulting in psychiatric hospitalization. Insight into illness is an important component of the presentation and its level may play an important role in assessing risk of hospitalization in the course of schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature in order to determine relationships between insight into illness and the risk of hospital readmission among schizophrenic patients. Due to the complexity of the phenomenon of insight, study findings in this area are not always consistent. Lower insight may be associated with poorer compliance, more fulminant course of illness and more frequent occurrence of aggressive behavior in patients with schizophrenia, which consequently may predispose to more frequent psychiatric hospitalizations. On the other hand, lower insight may also contribute to lower severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal tendencies, which in turn may reduce the risk of hospitalization. The studies on relationships between the level of insight into illness in schizophrenia and the risk of hospitalization have to date yielded no conclusive results and should be continued.