Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes after prompt pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with tap biopsy and intravitreal antimicrobial injection to treat postinjection and postsurgery endophthalmitis.Methods: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid Embase databases were searched for articles published between January 2010 and November 2020. Two independent reviewers selected articles and extracted data. We analyzed data in RevMan 5.3 and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool. The mean improvement in visual outcome was compared between PPV and intravitreal antimicrobial injection as a relative risk of improving $2 lines and a mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution difference in improvement.Results: Fifteen retrospective case series (1,355 eyes), of which 739 eyes (55%) received intravitreal antimicrobial injection and 616 (45%) received PPV as initial treatment, were included. The overall relative risk of improving 2 or more lines in PPV in comparison with intravitreal antimicrobial injection was 1.04 (95% CI 0.88-1.23; P = 0.61; I 2 = 0%) with a mean difference of 0.04 (95% CI 20.18 to 0.27; P = 0.69; I 2 = 0%). The results stayed robust when subgroup analysis based on causative procedure for endophthalmitis was performed.Conclusion: Intravitreal antimicrobial injection is noninferior to PPV for the treatment of postcataract operation, postinjection, and post-PPV endophthalmitis.

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Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, which is primary to the central nervous system (CNS), is a rare lesion, with those originating within the parenchyma even more so. We present the case of a 64-year-old male with weakness in the left hand and focal motor seizures of his arm, who was found to have a right frontal intraparenchymal lesion. Following resection, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were completed, leading to a diagnosis of a primary CNS MZBCL of MALT type in the context of a negative workup of systemic disease. Neuroimaging, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as a comprehensive literature review of similar cases, are discussed.

Introduction In the past decades, there has been an increasing effort to modify traditional learning tools to adopt them with the new demands of students. Equal access to high quality learning opportunities as well as increasing interest in self‐paced flexible studying have initiated the use of digital medial technology to produce visual learning tools. These efforts have been accelerated in challenging circumstances, such as the presence of the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the availability of high quality educational videos regarding the human gross anatomy that can match the standards of the medical curriculum is limited. Thus, it is crucial to study the effects of such videos on anatomy education. Objectives The goal of this project is to investigate the role of educational videos and their utilization in medical education with special focus on the anatomy of the human body. Method An educational video was created for learners in professional programs, covering relevant information associated with the peritoneal cavity and its contents. To begin, a cadaver was dissected to clearly expose all the anatomical structures. This process was recorded in a stepwise fashion with proper instructions. The video was edited by the Camtasia 2020 software and different features, such as labels, transitions, and quiz questions, were added to enhance students’ learning experience. This video was then uploaded on YouTube and shared with students before their virtual anatomy lab for their viewing. Finally, an online survey was designed and conducted to assess a learner's experience related to this video. Results Students were asked about their purposes of watching the video as well as their opinions regarding the quality of it and the features utilized. The video has 561 views on YouTube from November 2020 to January 2021. Analysis of the data shows that the majority of the participants who completed the online survey found the video and its features enhancing their learning of the anatomy of the peritoneum. More specifically, 92.3% of the participants mentioned their purpose for watching the video to be preparing for their anatomy lab and dissection. 95.7% of the participants reported that the video assisted them in fulfilling their aforementioned purpose. In addition, 92.9% of the participants ranked the overall quality of the video as “Very Good”. Moreover, the average score (1‐5) given by participants to the features added to the video was calculated as 4.57, 4.72, and 4.36 for labelling, transitions, and quiz questions, respectively. Conclusion The feedback received from this survey strongly suggests that using digital media technology in creating educational anatomy videos is beneficial for enhancing the learning experience of students. Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-Th9lk3TVk

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