Etiological treatment of peri-implantitis aims to reduce the bacterial load within the peri-implant pocket and decontaminate the implant surface in order to promote osseointegration. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods of implant surface decontamination. A search was conducted using the PubMed (Medline) database, which identified 36 articles including in vivo and in vitro studies, and reviews of different decontamination systems (chemical, mechanical, laser and photodynamic therapies). There is sufficient consensus that, for the treatment of peri-implant infections, the mechanical removal of biofilm from the implant surface should be supplemented by chemical decontamination with surgical access. However, more long-term research is needed to confirm this and to establish treatment protocols responding to different implant characterics. Key words:Peri-implantitis, treatment, decontamination, implant surface, laser.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare disorder characterized by a benign, non-hemorrhagic, fibrous gingival overgrowth that can appear in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Clinically, a pink gingiva with marked stippling can be seen to cover almost all the tooth, in many cases preventing eruption. HGF usually begins during the transition from primary to permanent teeth, giving rise to a condition that can have negative psychological effects at that age. As it does not resolve spontaneously, the treatment of choice is gingivectomy, which can be performed with an internal or external bevel incision, depending on each case and bearing in mind the changes that will take place at the dentogingival junction (DGJ). This paper describes clinical aspects and treatment in two eight-year-old boys with HGF, considering different facets of the surgical approach with conscious sedation in young children.

Regeneración periodontal en defectos intraóseos de 2-3 paredes con tres membranas diferentes. Un ensayo clínico randomizado Periodontal regeneration in two and three-wall intrabony defects by the use of three different barrier membranes. A randomized clinical study Resumen: Fundamento: El objetivo del presente artículo es valorar la eficacia clínica, medida en términos de ganancia de inserción clínica, de dos membranas reabsorbibles, frente a un control positivo, membrana no reabsorbible, en el tratamiento de defectos intraóseos de 2-3 paredes. Pacientes y método: Seleccionamos 36 pacientes en los que detectamos 43 lesiones intraóseas de 2-3 paredes. Previamente a la cirugía se registró la profundidad de sondaje y la recesión gingival (nivel de inserción clínica). Tras el abordaje con un colgajo de espesor total, el desbridamiento y medición de los defectos y la instrumentación de la pared radicular, se colocó la membrana. Se realizó un seguimiento clínico a las 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 semanas, 3, 6 y 12 meses, y radiográfico a los 6 y 12 meses. Resultados: Finalizaron el estudio 36 defectos, correspondientes a 30 pacientes. Al año hubo una reducción en la media de la profundidad de sondaje de 3,98 mm, un incremento de la recesión de 0,17 mm y la ganancia clínica de inserción (NCI) fue de 3,97 mm. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre las diferentes membranas utilizadas.Abstract: Background: A study is made to evaluate the clinical efficacy, in terms of clinical attachment gained, of two resorbable membranes versus a positive control (non-resorbable membrane), in the treatment of two-three wall intrabony defects. Patients and method: We selected 36 patients in whom 43 two-three wall intrabony lesions were detected. Prior to surgery we recorded pocket depth and gingival recession (clinical attachment level). After a full thickness flap approach, debridement and measurement of the defects, and instrumentation of the root wall, the membrane was placed. Clinical follow-up was carried out after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months, with radiological controls after 6 and 12 months.Results: A total of 36 defects completed the study, corresponding to 30 patients. After one year a mean reduction in pocket depth of 3.98 mm was recorded, with a 0.17 mm recession increment and a clinical attachment gain (NCI) of 3.97 mm. No significant differences were observed between the different membranes used.Enrile de Rojas FJ, Buitrago-Vera PJ, Sicilia-Felechosa A y Tejerina-Lobo JM. Regeneracion periodontal en defectos intraóseos de 2-3 paredes con tres membranas diferentes. Un ensayo clínico randomizado. RCOE 2006;11(1):23-37.BIBLID [1138-123X (2006)11:1; enero-febrero 1-140] Abreviaturas: IP = índice de placa; IG = índice gingival; IS = índice de sangrado; Prof. Sondaje = profundidad de sondaje.