Granuloma faciale is a chronic, benign, cutaneous vasculitis with
well-established clinical and morphological patterns, but with an unknown
etiology. This study describes clinical and pathologic aspects of patients
diagnosed with granuloma faciale. The authors analyzed demographic, clinical,
morphological and immunohistochemical data from patients with a final diagnosis
of granuloma faciale, confirmed between 1998 and 2012. There was a proportional
and mixed inflammatory infiltrate, Grenz zones were present in almost all the
samples. Immunophenotyping confirmed a higher intensity of T lymphocytes than B
lymphocytes in thirteen samples, with a predominance of T CD8 lymphocytes in 64%
of cases, in contrast to the literature, which indicates that the major
component is T CD4 lymphocytes. All cases were positive for IgG4 but the
majority (12/14) had less than 25% of stained cells. The pathogenesis of
granuloma faciale remains poorly understood, making studies of morphological and
immunohistochemical characterization important to better understand it.
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