We report observations of η Carinae obtained with ALMA in the continuum of 100, 230, 280 and 660 GHz in 2012 November, with a resolution that varied from 2. ′′ 88 to 0. ′′ 45 for the lower and higher frequencies respectively. The source is not resolved, even at the highest frequency; its spectrum is characteristic of thermal bremsstrahlung of a compact source, but different from the spectrum of optically thin wind. The recombination lines H42α, He42α, H40α, He40α, H50β, H28α, He28α, H21α and He21α were also detected and their intensities reveal non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects. We found that the line profiles could only be fit by an expanding shell of dense and ionized gas, which produces a slow shock in the surroundings of η Carinae. Combined with fittings to the continuum, we were able to constrain the shell size, radius, density, temperature and velocity. The detection of the He recombination lines is compatible with the high temperature gas and requires a high energy ionizing photon flux, which must be provided by the companion star. The mass loss rate and wind velocity, necessary to explain the formation of the shell, are compatible with a LBV eruption. The position, velocity and physical parameters of the shell coincide with those of the Weigelt blobs. The dynamics found for the expanding shell corresponds to matter ejected by η Carinae in 1941, in an event similar to that which formed the Little Homunculus ; for that reason we called the new ejecta the "Baby Homunculus".

Aims. In this work, we analyse the multiwavelength brightness variations and flaring activity of FSRQ PKS1510-089, aiming to constrain the position of the emission sources. Methods. We report 7 mm (43 GHz) radio and R-band polarimetric observations of PKS1510-089. The radio observations were performed at the Itapetinga Radio Observatory, while the polarimetric data were obtained at the Pico dos Dias Observatory. The 7 mm observations cover the period between 2011 and 2013, while the optical polarimetric observations were made between 2009 and 2012.Results. At 7 mm, we detected a correlation between four radio and γ-ray flares with a delay of about 54 days between them; the higher frequency counterpart occurred first. Using optical polarimetry, we detected a large variation in polarization angle (PA) within two days associated with the beginning of a γ-ray flare. Complementing our data with other data obtained in the literature, we show that PA presented rotations associated with the occurrence of flares. Conclusions. Our results can be explained by a shock-in-jet model, in which a new component is formed in the compact core producing an optical and/or γ-ray flare, propagates along the jet, and after some time becomes optically thin and is detected as a flare at radio frequencies. The variability in the polarimetric parameters can also be reproduced; we can explain large variation in both PA and polarization degree (PD), in only one of them, or in neither, depending on the differences in PA and PD between the jet and the new component.

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The bipolar nebula Menzel 3 (Mz 3) was observed as part of the Herschel Planetary Nebula Survey (HerPlaNS ), which used the PACS and SPIRE instruments aboard the Herschel Space Observatory to study a sample of planetary nebulae (PNe). In this paper, one of the series describing HerPlaNS results, we report the detection of H i recombination lines (HRLs) in the spectrum of Mz 3. Inspection of the spectrum reveals the presence of 12 HRLs in the 55 to 680 µm range covered by the PACS and SPIRE instruments (H11α to H21α and H14β). The presence of HRLs in this range is unusual for PNe and has not been reported in Mz 3 before. Our analysis indicates that the HRLs we observed are enhanced by laser effect occurring in the core of Mz 3. Our arguments for this are: (i) the available Mz 3 optical to submillimetre HRL α line intensity ratios are not well reproduced by the spontaneous emission of optically thin ionized gas, as would be typical for nebular gas in PNe; (ii) the compact core of Mz 3 is responsible for a large fraction of the Herschel HRLs emission; (iii) the line intensity ratios for Mz 3 are very similar to those in the core emission of the well known star MWC 349A, where laser effect is responsible for the enhancement of HRLs in the Herschel wavelength range; (iv) the physical characteristics relevant to cause laser effect in the core of MWC 349A are very similar to those in the core of Mz 3.

Since the start of ALMA observatory operation, new and important chemistry of infrared cold core was revealed. Molecular transitions at millimeter range are being used to identify and to characterize these sources. We have investigated the 231 GHz ALMA archive observations of the infrared dark cloud region C9, focusing on the brighter source that we called as IRDC-C9 Main. We report the existence of two substructures on the continuum map of this source: a compact bright spot with high chemistry diversity that we labelled as core, and a weaker and extended one, that we labelled as tail. In the core, we have identified lines of the molecules OCS(19-18), 13 CS(5-4) and CH 3 CH 2 CN, several lines of CH 3 CHO and the k-ladder emission of 13 CH 3 CN.We report two different temperature regions: while the rotation diagram of CH 3 CHO indicates a temperature of 25 K, the rotation diagram of 13 CH 3 CN indicates a warmer phase at temperature of ∼ 450K. In the tail, only the OCS(19-18) and 13 CS(5-4) lines were detected. We used the Nautilus and the Radex codes to estimate the column densities and the abundances. The existence of hot gas in the core of IRDC-C9 Main suggests the presence of a protostar, which is not present in the tail.