Context: Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis (CST) is a rare and potentially lethal illness that clinicians still occasionally see. We describe the evolution of a 6 months old infant patient who had a history of delayed vaccination and acquired a Pneumococcal Meningitis, leading to septic CTS. Case report: The patient was admitted with the complaint of constant crying and vomiting. The physical exam noticed: bulging of the bregmatic fontanelle, Glasgow Coma Score = 11, and bad general state. The clinical picture had begun one week before the hospitalization, but the fever had started just three days before. The vaccine neglection plus some pathological signs of meningeal infection guided the clinical thinking to meningitis, later confirmed by the lumbar puncture. Some days later, the patient presented paralysis of the third pair of cranial nerves, conducing to the inability to open the eyes, mydriatic non-photo reagent pupils, and bilateral swelling. A magnetic resonance confirmed thrombosis of traverse sinus along with the transition to the sigmoid one. Bilateral ptosis and exotropia were noticed. Antibiotic therapy resulted in progressive eye-opening and recurrence of photo reagent reflexes. The prognosis was great, pointed by the normotension and normal amplitude of the bregmatic fontanelle. Conclusion: The elimination of the meningeal infection focus was extremely important, since the pathophysiology of CST came from phlebitis of the cavernous sinuses, with consequent thrombus formation from the endothelial lesion. In addition, it is worth mentioning the omission of vaccination, which was concessive to the case.
Objetivo: Relatar um caso de Síndrome da Displasia Septo-óptica (DSO), uma desordem congênita que se enquadra nas malformações cerebrais da linha média, sendo sua incidência considerada rara em todo o mundo. Detalhamento de caso: Uma paciente do sexo feminino, 1 mês e 10 dias de idade, foi levada para consulta pediátrica em cidade do sul de Minas Gerais - Brasil, com queixa de movimentos oculares excessivos. Ao exame, a lactente apresentou nistagmo vertical, sem outras alterações nos demais sistemas. À tomografia computadorizada de crânio, não foi possível visualizar claramente o corpo caloso e a foice inter-hemisférica. Após avaliação oftalmológica, constatou-se reflexo pupilar reduzido no olho direito, com reflexo consensual presente; além de visão subnormal, nistagmo vertical, córnea transparente e hipoplasia de nervo óptico bilateral. Posteriormente, a ressonância magnética evidenciou hipoplasia do nervo óptico direito e achados compatíveis com agenesia do septo pelúcido. Mediante os achados imaginológicos e clínicos foi confirmado o diagnóstico de DSO e as medidas terapêuticas, agora direcionadas ao manejo correto da síndrome, foram instituídas. Considerações finais: Este caso demonstra uma apresentação clínica relevante da Síndrome da Displasia Septo-óptica na infância, uma patologia neuropediátrica rara que ainda carece de referencial teórico na literatura.
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