Coffee pulp is produced in large quantities, and its disposal can pollute the environment. However, the nutritional value and antioxidant content of coffee pulp make it a good option for animal feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of coffee pulp using fresh (FCP), ensiled (ECP), and ensiled and sun-dried (EDCP) coffee pulp. The study design was completely randomized with three treatments (n=4). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were determined. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and means were compared with the Tukey test. The percentage of CP, NDF and ADF was higher in ECP and EDCP than in FCP. There were no changes in lignin content. Ensiling and sun drying did not decrease (P>0.05) caffeine or tannins. No differences were found in caffeic acid (2.031±2.873, 5.103±0.391, 4.913±0.018 mg g-1 DM in FCP, ECP, EDCP, respectively). The concentration of chlorogenic acid (FCP 2.593±1.756; ECP 5.368±0.422; EDCP 4.875±0.678 mg g-1) increased with the ensiling process, but it was not affected by sun drying. Ethanol decreased in ECP and EDCP relative to FPC (FPC 15.88±0.97%; ECP 7.04±1.16%; EDCP 0.00%); however, antioxidant capacity was not affected. It was concluded that the ensiling process and sun drying affected the nutritional value of coffee pulp but not its antioxidant capacity.

Los sistemas ganaderos con criollo lechero tropical (Reyna) en Costa Rica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identifi car los componentes tecnológicos utilizados en los ranchos ganaderos con bovinos Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT) Reyna y las características socioeconómicas de los productores que utilizan esta raza. Este estudio se realizó de mayo a julio de 2011 en las provincias de Cartago y Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Se entrevistó a los administradores de los módulos lecheros

Los bovinos Criollos Lecheros Tropicales (CLT) se consideran un grupo racial nativo de América, con un buen potencial para la producción lechera a base de pastos. Estas razas presentan un menor volumen de producción, pero con una mayor calidad (sólidos totales) y resistencia al estrés de los climas tropicales, en comparación con otras razas especializadas (Holstein y Jersey) que han ido sustituyendo paulatinamente a estas nativas con fines productivos. El inventario del CLT, Reyna o Lechero Centroamericano, se estima en unos 900-1000 ejemplares, y aunque no existen reportes de su aportación a la producción de leche, se considera que su conservación y desarrollo es de vital importancia como proceso productivo alterno en hatos bovinos del trópico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una semblanza de los CLT en tres países latinoamericanos.

<p>Debido a la importancia que el sector rural tiene para el país, es relevante generar un análisis y su consecuente reflexión sobre el reto que significa la crisis sanitaria y económica generada por la pandemia de la Covid-19 para este rubro. El sector rural mexicano, sin duda, será uno de los más afectados, ya que existían problemas estructurales que venían arrastrándose con anterioridad. Por ello, se realizó una revisión del estado del arte, además de un análisis estadístico sobre información estatal oficial, organismos internacionales. La participación e interacción entre academia, gobierno, sector empresarial y población rural es necesaria para el rediseño de políticas públicas adecuadas a la “nueva normalidad”.</p>

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of oregano essential oil (OEO) as a phytogenic feed additive in the diet of lambs on the productive performance, ruminal pH, ammoniacal nitrogen production, volatile fatty acids, nitrogen balance, carcass yield, backfat thickness, loin eye (Longissimus dorsi) area, shelf life, and antioxidant activity of the meat. Thirty-nine Suffolk × Hampshire lambs (19 ± 3.7 kg live weight) were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments (n = 13) consisting of 0, 0.02, and 0.04% OEO in the diet. The inclusion of OEO in the diet did not affect (p > 0.05) the productive performance due to the treatments; similarly, no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the ruminal variables and nitrogen balance. Backfat thickness and loin eye area had similar results (p > 0.05), and the antioxidant activity in meat was improved (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of OEO. Shelf life and crude protein content increased (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of OEO in the diet and with the passing of storage days. Dry matter was affected (p < 0.05) by the storage time, with a decrease observed on day 24. pH, ether extract, and ash were not affected (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the productive performance, ruminal variables, nitrogen balance, loin eye area, backfat thickness, and carcass yield were not affected by the inclusion of OEO. However, crude protein remained stable and antioxidant activity improved, increasing the shelf life of lamb meat.