The plant species Pinus halepensis grows spontaneously on heavily polluted mine tailings dumps of Campo Pisano (Sardinia, southwestern Italy). The area is characterized mainly by Zn, Pb, and Cd.Sampling campaign was done, related to soils and plant materials (roots, barks, wood, and needles), aimed at evaluating the main mineralogical characteristics, metal content, plant accumulation, and translocation behavior. The polluted substrates were composed of pyrite, dolomite, calcite, quartz, gypsum, and barite with iron sulphate, and iron oxide. Zn ore minerals (smithsonite) and muscovite detected mostly in the deeper soil layers. Zn was the most abundant metal in the substrate as well as plant tissues. Roots accumulated high metal concentrations (664.65-2710 Zn, 58.39-735.88 Pb, and 4.86-11.02 mg kg -1 Cd) reflecting high metal contamination in soil. The biological accumulation and translocation values were reported below one for all plant tissues. Pb, Zn and Cd Translocation Factor (TF) in needles ranged 0.03-0.32, 0.03-0.19, 0.04-0.14. Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) estimated up to 0.17, 0.18, and 0.19, respectively. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2Results indicate that P. halepensis is an excluder, tolerates high Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations, restricts their accumulation and translocation to the aerial parts and may be applied for long-term phytostabilization and revegetation processes in abandoned mine tailing sites.

Nowadays, issues such as population growth, gradual reduction of natural resources, increasing pollution, unbalanced distribution in resources, the crisis of ecological conservation, urbanization growth and increasing human awareness are as a result of social changes in human life. Even changes in the attitude of people toward the trip phenomenon lead to several changes in this industry. The concept of ecotourism, geo-tourism, geo-park and sustainable tourism represent the evolution of ideas, including new solutions that will meet the modern world's needs with valued targets in its plan. The emphasis of this article is on morphological characteristics in line with sustainable development goals and ecological resources protection of the region to attract certain tourists through the identification and introducing the potential attraction of the area. Analytical and experimental research methods are based on statistical data, quantitative analysis methods and data collection methods in library and field methods. This case study (Bojnoord city) presents comprehensive image about geomorphological attractions of Bojnoord city. The results indicated that through the internal and external processes of land phenomena, beautiful landscapes such as anticlines, synclines, straits and erosional forms, springs, waterfalls, peaks and valleys with special and unique effects can attract tourists in different ages and educational levels in different seasons of the year.

The study aimed at evaluating the geochemical fractions of Zn, Pb, Cd and their bioavailability in soil in-depth and around the root of Pinus halepensis grown on heavily contaminated mine tailing in south-western Sardinia, Italy. The contaminated substrates were partly investigated in a previous study and are composed of pyrite, dolomite, calcite, quartz, gypsum, barite, iron-sulfate and iron-oxide. The geochemical fractions and bioavailability of Zn, Pb and Cd were measured through the BCR extractions method. Cadmium in the superficial contaminated substrates was mainly found in the exchangeable BCR fraction. Zinc and lead were often found in the residual BCR fraction. PCA confirmed that the uppermost alkaline-calcareous layers of mine waste were different with respect to the deeper acidic layers. We demonstrated that Pb and Zn were less present in the exchangeable form around the roots of P. halepensis and in soil depth. This can be due to uptake or other beneficial effect of rhizospheres interaction processes. Further studies will shed light to confirm if P. halepensis is a good candidate to apply phytostabilization in mine tailing.