Objective To investigate the protective effect of autologous venous ensheathment on sutured rat facial nerve and to test whether the ensheathment could improve the functional recovery of repaired nerve and accuracy of axonal growth. Study design In vivo study. Methods Forty-six rats were examined, with 6 rats serving as normal controls and 40 receiving facial nerve transection and suture repair (SR) or transection and suture repair with an additional venous ensheathment (VE). Then they were subjected to functional testing, histological assessment of nerve specimens or retrograde tracing, respectively. Results At the postoperative day (POD) 60, the venous ensheathment showed no adhesion at the surrounding tissues. No significant difference in neuroma formation was found between the two surgical manipulations (SR and VE groups) (p<0.05). Retrogradely-labeled motoneurons in facial nuclei were extremely disorganized after the facial nerve undertook surgical manipulation. In all manipulated groups, double retrogradely-labeled neurons, indicative of aberrant axonal branching during regeneration, could be observed after peripheral manipulation across all time points. With the two facial surgical manipulations, the average count of double-labeled neurons at POD 60 was significantly less than at POD 21 (p<0.05). Conclusions Autologous venous ensheathment couldn’t help with the functional recovery of facial nerve or improve the accuracy of axonal regeneration. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the effects of venous ensheathment in other motor and sensory nerve models.