Construction of heterostructures is an effective way to improve photo-induced charge separation and photocatalytic performance. Among various structures, type II and direct Z-scheme heterojunctions with distinct charge separation mechanisms are...

Photocorrosion of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) has notably limited its application as an efficient photocatalyst. We report a facile approach to visualize in situ formation of copper and oxygen vacancies on the Cu2O surface under ambient condition. By imaging photoexcited single Cu2O particles, the resultant photoluminescence generated at Cu2O surface enable effective localization of copper and oxygen vacancies. Single particle photoluminescence imaging showed substantial heterogeneity in the rate of defect formation at different facets with the truncated corners achieving the fastest initial rate of photooxidation before subsequently changing to the face and edge sites as the photocorrosion proceeds. The generation of copper or oxygen vacancy is proportional to the photoexcitation power, while pH-dependent studies rationalized alkaline conditions for the formation of copper vacancy. Reaction in an electron–hole scavenger system showed that photooxidation and photoreduction will simultaneously occur, yet heterogeneously on the surface of Cu2O, with rate of copper vacancy formation being fastest.