No abstract

Too much Ca 2+ in the water would have a bad effect on the papermaking process. Phoenix tree leaves were modified by NaOH or H 3 PO 4 treatment for Ca 2+ adsorption and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of adsorption time, particle size, and adsorbent dosage on Ca 2+ adsorption from wastewater were studied. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Ca 2+ adsorption before and after modification were analyzed. Results showed that the surface of natural phoenix tree leaves is relatively smooth without obvious porosities prior to modification. After modification, the surface of the leaves became loose and rough; and concave pores were also found. After NaOH-modification, functional groups on the surface of the phoenix tree leaves increased, which is conducive to adsorption. The removal effect of Ca 2+ by NaOH-modified leaf adsorbent was better than that by H 3 PO 4 . Under optimal conditions, the NaOHmodified phoenix tree leaves had a removal efficiency of 74.18% for Ca 2+ in the wastewater. The adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction and Langmuir isotherm equations.

We took the example of the Tainan Confucian Temple to explore preventive preservation of Taiwanese cultural assets within a hot and humid climate. We mainly used microclimate monitoring data and computational fluid dynamics simulation to analyze the overall environment and identify problem areas, which were shown by the results to be the Ritual Implement Storeroom and Musical Instrument Storeroom. The latter had the highest humidity due to a mango tree located at the rear with a canopy stretching 4-6 m across the roof, which blocked the sunlight during the day and prevented any reduction in humidity. This storeroom includes the original calligraphic wall panels and central beam of the Minglun Hall; therefore we propose measures to improve the current environment without modifying the building materials or structures. First, we suggest either changing the display items or shifting the exhibition area, and transplanting or pruning the mango tree. Second, dehumidification or ventilation equipment should be placed not only in the Musical Instrument Storeroom, but also in the Chung Sheng Shrine and Ta Cheng Palace at night during the hot season, and in the Ritual Appliance Storeroom in the day during the cold season, to improve environmental problems.