An 18-week-old male domestic long-hair kitten was presented with a history of polyuria and polydipsia for several weeks. The general condition was unremarkable, but the kitten was considerably smaller than expected for the age and showed cataracts in both eyes. Serum glucose concentrations were persistently elevated and based on clinical findings and an elevated serum fructosamine concentration, a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established. Diabetes mellitus is not commonly diagnosed in young kittens, nor are cataracts recognised as a frequent feature of this disease in cats. The cataracts progressed in spite of the insulin therapy and the kitten was euthanised 10 weeks after referral. Histopathological examination of the pancreas revealed few and small islets of Langerhans compared to the examination of pancreas from a healthy kitten of the same age. Histopathological changes in the eyes included cataracts affecting both cortex and nucleus.

Fluctuating left exophthalmos in a mature male Macaca fascicularis was studied clinically utilizing the diagnostic modalities of A- and B-scan ultrasonography and computerized tomography in addition to routine ophthalmic examination and radiography. Laboratory results were suggestive of thyroid hypofunction. Clinical and histopathologic observations were consistent with a diagnosis of dysthyroid orbitopathy, a condition previously unreported in nonhuman primates and the most common cause of unilateral exophthalmos in humans.