Between 2004 and 2007, Girls Incorporated conducted research about the experience of five affiliates from different parts of the United States as they engaged with girls in Girls Study Girls Inc., a participatory evaluation project that explored the meaning and impact of Girls Inc. environments and uncovered ways such environments can be improved. We describe the context and motivation for using participatory action research [PAR] in Girls Inc. environments and discuss the relevance and importance of PAR for organizations that empower girls and young women. We explain the process of training and engaging Girls Inc. members in research, discuss the effectiveness of Girls Study Girls Inc. as an evaluation strategy, and conclude this article with lessons learned and recommendations for using PAR in evaluating youth development programs.

Transmission line de-icing with 18kV 40kHz high frequency and high voltage excitation based on skin effect of conductor and dielectric loss is presented to overcome the existing technical defect. It is suitable for high voltage power network and need not outages. It increase the frequency of de-icing current to strength the skin effect of transmission lines, thus causing the line unit resistance increased and the melting current decreased with same heating power. The structure of de-icing device and its Wiring diagram are analyzed briefly. A de-icing simulation calculation model is established according to 1000 kV ac ehv transmission lines, and simulation is solved by ANSYS finite element analysis software, then temperature field distribution of ice-coated transmission line with 80 minutes 18kV 40kHz high frequency excitation shows that: the temperature of all ice-coated reaches 0 degrees. That is to say, all ice-coated is melted. The simulation results show that the method, transmission line de-icing with 18kV 40kHz high frequency and high voltage excitation, has advantages of good feasibility high efficiency and energy saving.

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