Botulinum neurotoxin (BONT) is the most commonly used minimal invasive cosmetic procedure. It is known as a most potent toxin to human being and caused to deaths of many people in the 17th century due to botulism. Today, it has been approved as a therapeutic agent for various cosmetic and medical purposes all over the world. 1 The action mechanism of BONT includes several steps, and the most important is the inhibition of acetylcholine (Ach) release from the synaptic vesicle, thus compromising signal induction through the neuromuscular junction. 2 Consensus panel published about BONT in 2004 suggests that BONT may not be as fragile as previously supposed due to its complex protein contents. 3,4 Numerous precious studies have eliminated some of the taboos about our understanding of BONT, and one of the most important foundations of these studies was

No abstract