A highly stretchable (extensibility > 4000% and stress > 130 kPa), adhesive (weight loading > 200 g), non-flammable and notch-insensitive intrinsic self-healing solid-state polymer electrolyte is designed for stable and safe flexible batteries.
In this work, a multifunctional binder with self‐healing, flame retardant, high conductivity, and abundant polar groups is prepared by the free radical polymerization method and applied to lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries to achieve high safety and exceptional electrochemical performance. The self‐healing characteristic of binder induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and SS dynamic covalent bonds can repair volume expansion cracks. The polar groups and excellent conductivity endue binder with strong chemisorption on polysulfides and fast charge transportation, which can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect and accelerate polysulfides redox kinetics. More important, the considerable flame retardant performance of binder can improve the safety of the LiS batteries. As a result, the LiS cells using FHCP binder deliver an outstanding cycle stability of a high‐capacity retention rate of 85% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and a high reversible area specific capacity of 5.25 mAh cm–2 at a sulfur loading of 4.72 mg cm–2 and a correspondingly lean electrolyte condition (E/S ratio = 6 µL mg–1).
BACKGROUND: Increasing environmental and energy concerns are pushing the development of a bio-based economy, employing highly reproducible, sustainable and green biomanufacturing methods. Here a potential building block 5-aminovalerate for polymer synthesis has been produced from L-lysine. RESULTS: L-lysine -oxidase from Scomber japonicas was overexpressed in BL21(DE3); a lysine degradation gene was knocked out to strengthen this process in the microbe. The additions of ethanol and hydrogen peroxide significantly enhanced the production of 5-aminovalerate. The recombinant Escherichia coli CJ02 strain was cultured in a medium containing 20 g L −1 glucose, 10 g L −1 L-lysine, 4% (v/v) ethanol and 10 mM H 2 O 2 , producing 5.61 g L −1 5-aminovalerate with a yield of 0.56 g g −1 . Compared with the original producer, this titre represents an 18-fold increase. Excellently, 29.12 g L −1 5-aminovalerate could be achieved with a yield of 0.44 g g −1 in a 5 L fermenter. CONCLUSION: This biotechnological 5-aminovalerate production demonstrates a simple, economic, and green technology to replace the ubiquitous chemical synthesis. More importantly, this strategy of adding ethanol to increase protein expression is not only an efficient process for the production of 5-aminovalerate, but also might be used in the production of other high value-added chemicals.
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