This paper describes an experimental setup for axial laminar flow of liquids in the annulus between two eccentered cylinders. The design uses a conductivity method for measuring peak axial velocities around the annulus, and for the determination of displacement efficiency when displacing one fluid by another (displacement efficiency being defined as the ratio of volume of displaced fluid removed from the annulus, to the volume of the annulus, after a given number of annular volumes have been pumped). In an eccentric annulus, lower axial velocity in the narrow side produces "channeling" of the displacing fluid in the wide side and reduces the displacement efficiency. A positive density contrast between the two fluids can increase the efficiency by promoting azimuthal flow of the (denser) displacing fluid towards the narrow side. In this paper we report that gravity driven azimuthal flow is prone to severe instabilities which accelerate the displacement process but may leave behind an immobile strip of the displaced fluid in the narrow side. List of symbolsC m Co d m E e g ms 2 h m k Pa s" L m n p Pa Q m 3 s 1 R i m R o m r m T s s
A study has been made-utilizing the strain-gage measurement method to determine the stresses experienced by the internal threaded areas of the closure on a 30-inch pressure vessel at the Y-12 Plant. This test was performed to gain information that can be used for: (1) determining the maximum stress levels at operational pressures, (2) estimating the useful operational life of the vessel at various stress levels, (3) making a comparison with photoelastic studies that were obtained on models of a vessel of very similar design, and (4) estimating the operational pressure parameters of the proposed alterations to the vessel. Measurements were obtainedby utilizing metal-film gages having a gage length of 0. 050 inch and a width of 0. 044 inch. These gages were secured in the root of the threads with Eastman 910 cement. Measuring accessibility was attained using enameled wire of Size 34 AWG,spot cemented into the root of the • thread. Conventional strain readout instrumentation was used. The highest strains measured were obtained in the thread closest to the Internal pressurlz.ed area. These values were approximately 3470 microinches/inch. Results of the test indicate that reliable information can be obtained by this strain-measuring technique provided the installation of the gages and lead wires is given close attention.
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