Background & Aims: Patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) require extensive and personalized care to improve outcomes. ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), a large language model, holds the potential to provide professional yet patient-friendly support. We aimed to examine the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding knowledge, management, and emotional support for cirrhosis and HCC.Methods: ChatGPT's responses to 164 questions were independently graded by two transplant hepatologists and resolved by a third reviewer. The performance of ChatGPT was also assessed using two published questionnaires and 26 questions formulated from the quality measures of cirrhosis management. Finally, its emotional support capacity was tested. Results:We showed that ChatGPT regurgitated extensive knowledge of cirrhosis (79.1% correct) and HCC (74.0% correct), but only small proportions (47.3% in cirrhosis, 41.1% in HCC) were labeled as comprehensive. The performance was better in basic knowledge, lifestyle, and treatment than in the domains of diagnosis and preventive medicine. For the quality measures, the model answered 76.9% of questions correctly but failed to specify decision-making cut-offs and treatment durations. ChatGPT lacked knowledge of regional guidelines variations, such as HCC screening criteria. However, it provided practical and multifaceted advice to patients and caregivers regarding the next steps and adjusting to a new diagnosis. Conclusions:We analyzed the areas of robustness and limitations of ChatGPT's responses on the management of cirrhosis and HCC and relevant emotional support. ChatGPT may have a role as an adjunct informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes.

Background: Patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) require extensive care. Personalized education can improve their outcomes. ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), a natural language processing model, has shown potential to provide professional yet patient-freindly responses. Aim: To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT in responding to questions regarding knowledge, management, and emotional support for cirrhosis and HCC. Method: ChatGPT's responses to 164 frequently asked questions were independently graded by two transplant hepatologists, with a third reviewer resolving any discrepancies. We also compared the performance of ChatGPT on two previously validated and published questionnaires to the physicians or trainees who were tested in the included publications. Furthermore, we formulated the 26 quality measures of cirrhosis management into questions and tested ChatGPT's knowledge in cirrhosis care. Finally, the capacity to provide emotional support to patients or caregivers was tested. Results: ChatGPT regurgitated extensive knowledge about both cirrhosis and HCC, but for questions with correct responses, only a small proportion was labelled as comprehensive. The performance was better in basic knowledge, lifestyle, and treatment than in the domains of diagnosis and preventive medicine. For the quality measures, the model answered 76.9% of questions correctly but failed to specify the cut-off values for making medical decisions and treatment durations. When compared to physicians/trainees, ChatGPT fell short in knowledge of guidelines varying across geographic regions, such as HCC screening criteria. The model also provided practical and multifaceted advice to patients and caregivers regarding the next steps and adjusting to a new diagnosis. Conclusion: In summary, we analyzed the areas of robustness and limitations of ChatGPT's responses on the management of cirrhosis and HCC and relevant emotional support. ChatGPT may have a role as an adjunct informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes.

ribonucleic acid; SVR12, sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment; ULN, upper limit of normal. AbstractBackground: The opioid crisis has led to an increase in hepatitis C virus-positive donors in the past decade. Whereas historically hepatitis C seropositive organs were routinely discarded, the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents has notably expanded the utilization of organs from donors with hepatitis C. There has been growing experience with liver transplantation (LT) from hepatitis C seropositive donors to hepatitis C seropositive recipients. However, data remain limited on LT from hepatitis C seropositive or hepatitis C ribonucleic acid positive donors to hepatitis C seronegative recipients. Methods:We performed a retrospective study of 26 hepatitis C seronegative recipients who received hepatitis C seropositive donor livers followed by preemptive antiviral therapy with direct-acting antiviral treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Results: Twenty-five of the 26 recipients are alive with proper graft function; 20 of them received livers from hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive donors. All 12 recipients who completed their direct-acting antiviral courses and have reached sufficient follow-up for sustained virologic response have achieved sustained virologic response. Nine of our recipients have either completed direct-acting antiviral treatment without sufficient follow-up time for sustained virologic response or are undergoing direct-acting antiviral treatment. One patient is awaiting antiviral treatment initiation pending insurance approval. Of note, 11 of 12 patients with sustained virologic response received a hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive donor liver.Conclusion: Hepatitis C seronegative patients who receive a hepatitis C seropositive or hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive liver allograft can enjoy good short-term outcomes with hepatitis C cure following direct-acting antiviral treatment.

This cross-sectional study uses US vital statistics data to evaluate alcohol use disorder–related mortality rates from 2012 to 2021, with a focus on trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.