The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationship between tooth preparation and dental structure of Chinese maxillary central incisors and provide scientific guidance for clinical all-ceramic restoration. Forty-five specimens of maxillary central incisors were fabricated by 3D printer based on data of Micro CT scanning. Subsequently, every three specimens from the same natural tooth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15): porcelain veneer, all ceramic crown, and the blank control group. All the specimen teeth were prepared according to routine clinical criteria, reconstructed into 3D models and then measured in software. The results showed that the mean quantity of reduction (volume fraction) was (28.35 ± 4.37) % and (56.93 ± 3.47) % for porcelain veneer and all-ceramic crown, respectively. The bonding areas of different all-ceramic restorations were (128.85 ± 11.73) mm2 and (97.15 ± 9.98) mm2 for all-ceramic crown and porcelain veneer respectively. In porcelain veneer group, the area of enamel adhesive was (54.80 ± 12.70) mm2, and the area of dentin was (42.35 ± 9.62) mm2. As the results of the one-sample t test, the mean distances from medullary angle to incisal edge or adjacent surface have significant differences with the test value which was set as 0.5 (P < .05). The reduction of the tooth for porcelain veneer is less than that of ceramic crown and the cementation of porcelain veneer is mostly dependent on the conservation of the enamel during preparation. The region from mesial adjacent surface to mesiopulpal angle is prone to have the problem of medullary perforation.