Elasticity of high coupling relaxor-ferroelectric lead zinc niobate-lead titanate crystals J. Appl. Phys. 98, 094113 (2005); 10.1063/1.2127127Cut directions for the optimization of piezoelectric coefficients of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ferroelectric crystals

High-frequency needle ultrasound transducers with an aperture size of 0.4 mm were fabricated using lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-33%PT) as the active piezoelectric material. The active element was bonded to a conductive silver particle matching layer and a conductive epoxy backing through direct contact curing. An outer matching layer of parylene was formed by vapor deposition. The active element was housed within a polyimide tube and a 20-gauge needle housing. The magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance of the transducer were 47 Ω and ;38 , respectively. The measured center frequency and ;6 dB fractional bandwidth of the PMN-PT needle transducer were 44 MHz and 45%, respectively. The two-way insertion loss was approximately 15 dB. In vivo high-frequency, pulsed-wave Doppler patterns of blood flow in the posterior portion and in vitro ultrasonic backscatter microscope (UBM) images of the rabbit eye were obtained with the 44-MHz needle transducer.

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.; Reed, D.; Pettiford, C.; et al., "Giant microwave tunability in FeGaB/lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate multiferroic composites," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 262502 (2008); http:// dx

In situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric field-induced cracking has been conducted on 〈001〉 oriented 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 crystal. Fracture of the 90° domain boundary was directly observed in the tetragonal area under both static and alternating electric fields. The field strength required to induce domain boundary cracking was lower for alternating electric field than for static field.