Objective To assess the prevalence and characteristics of unintentional injuries among 5 to 9 grades students for both urban and migrant children groups, and probe the major socio-demographic and psychosocial risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June in 2013 with 2266 urban and 1770 migrant children among 5 to 9 grades from 13 schools in Yinzhou, Southeast China. Unintentional injuries and psychosocial factors were measured via self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were employed in data analysis. Results The annual prevalence of unintentional injury in the past year was 38%. Compared with urban children, migrant children reported lower prevalence of sprains/fractures (15.5 vs. 18.7%), but higher in animal bites (15.7 vs. 9.6%), burns (20.7 vs. 16%), nonfatal drowning (6 vs. 2.7%), and unintentional injury (40.9 vs. 35.7%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that male, young age, attending migrant children school, scoring high in emotional symptoms, conduct problems or hyperactivity, with suicide ideation, and experiencing verbal maltreatment were associated with unintentional injury incidence in the past 12 months. Conclusions The annual prevalence of unintentional injury among 5 to 9 grades schoolchildren in Yinzhou was high. Child unintentional injuries were associated with multi-level psychosocial factors. Although the direct correlation between migrant status and unintentional injuries was unobserved, migration could have an indirect relationship with injury. The findings could inform some implications for prevention strategies in urban area. Keywords Unintentional injury • Mental health • Child maltreatment • Migrant children • China Unintentional injury has been recognized as a pervasive challenge in public health, raising great concern globally (Chandran et al. 2010; de Ramirez et al. 2012). A previous study estimated a nationwide injury death rate of 65 per 100000 population in China (Wang et al. 2008), which was

PurposeAlthough adolescents’ mental health problems and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) have been a serious public health concern worldwide, descriptions of risk factors for SITBs often fail to take migration into account. There are roughly 35.8 million migrant children in China who, with their parents, moved from original rural residence to urban areas. Little is known about migrant children’s mental health status and levels of SITBs. This study aims to explore the mental health status and SITBs of migrant children living in eastern coastal China in comparison to their urban counterparts.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 13 schools. Mental health status and SITBs were measured via self-administered questionnaires. Associations between strengths and difficulties questionnaire outcomes and SITBs were investigated.ResultsData from 4217 students (1858 migrant children and 2359 urban children) were collected. After controlling for gender, age, family economic status, parent’s education level and parents’ marital status, migrant children scored higher for total difficulties (p < 0.001) and externalizing problems (p < 0.001) than did urban children and reported higher rates of suicidal ideation (p < 0.05) and self-injurious behaviors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMigrant children, compared with urban children, have a higher risk of externalizing problems and SITBs. It is urgent to address these problems by providing both mental health services at migrant-exclusive schools and equitable education and social welfare to migrant children.

The authors have retracted this article [1] because they do not have documentation of approval of their study by the ethics committee.

Background Helmets signifi cantly decrease morbidity and mortality from motorcycle crashes. Many areas of the world lack universal helmet laws. To educate motorcyclists in areas without helmet laws, more knowledge of motorcyclists belief systems are needed. Methods A 29-question, web-based survey was designed to assess motorcyclists attitudes, norms and behaviours towards helmets in a state with a limited helmet law. Survey invitations were mailed to 2006-2008 registrants for the states required motorcycle safety course. Results 414 surveys were completed; 68.4% of respondents reported always wearing a helmet. Compared with alwayshelmeted (AH), non-helmeted (NH) respondents were more likely to be male, less educated and reporting previous crashes. The strongest correlates of being NH (vs AH) were attitudes that helmets were not protective (6.7% vs 0.4%, p<0.001) and impaired sight/hearing (45.2% vs 3.8%, p<0.001); and normative beliefs that they'd only wear helmets if forced by law (43.9% vs 7.1%, p<0.001). Both groups felt crashes were serious and unavoidable. Overall, helmet use correlated more closely with attitudes than with norms. Conclusions Among respondents to this web-based survey, attitudes -especially whether helmets protect from injury and impair sight/hearing -were strong correlates of motorcycle helmet use. Because attitudes are often more easily changed than norms, education may increase helmet use. However, legislation may be a more effi cient route, as 44% of non-helmeted said they would only wear a helmet if forced by law.