Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (/2 mutations are frequently detected in glioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between /2 mutations and glioma grades. The current study was retrospective and used samples from 206 patients with brain glioma and 9 patients with spinal cord glioma as a control. Patients were diagnosed and graded according to the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. The association of patient age with glioma grade was evaluated, and/2 mutations were also examined and analyzed in different grades. On average, brain glioma grade tended to increase with increasing patient age; patients with grade IV (primary) gliomas had a significantly higher mean age than those with grades I and II (P<0.05), and patients with grade II glioma had a significantly lower mean age than those with grade III (P<0.05). The majority of brain gliomas with mutations in /2 in grade II, II-III and III occurred in adults, rather than adolescents./2 mutations occurred most frequently in grade II, II-III and III gliomas, and these mutation frequencies differed significantly between brain glioma grades (P<0.001). In summary, mutations in /2 were associated with grade II, II-III and III brain gliomas, and possibly with the progression of brain glioma from grade II to grade III.

The authors concluded that an effective preoperative diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis can be made by detailed inquiry into the possible infection history and disease symptoms as well as careful scrutiny of characteristic radiological features and immunological testing results. In stereotactic operations performed to remove the larva, priority should be given to image-guided stereotactic aspiration given that it causes the smallest wounds. In cases in which stereotactic aspiration fails, stereotactic microsurgery should be performed to remove the larva. The surgeon must carefully avoid breaking the larva and leaving behind any larva residue during surgery.

The present study aimed to elucidate key molecular mechanisms in the progression of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The gene expression profile GSE50021, which consisted of 35 pediatric DIPG samples and 10 normal brain samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the pediatric DIPG samples were identified. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathways of DEGs were enriched and analyzed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed and functional modules of the PPI network were disclosed using ClusterONE. A total of 679 DEGs (454 up- and 225 downregulated) were identified in the pediatric DIPG samples. DEGs were significantly enriched in various GO terms, and KEGG and Reactome pathways. The PPI network of upregulated (153 nodes and 298 connections) and downregulated (71 nodes and 124 connections) DEGs, and two crucial modules, were obtained. Downregulated genes in module 2, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAST), adenylate cyclase 2 (brain) (ADCY2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7 (HTR7), were significantly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway and in GO terms, such as the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, while upregulated genes in module 1 were not enriched in any pathways or GO terms. CCK and GAST associated with the GPCR signaling pathway, HTR7 enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and ADCY2 and HTR7 involved in the calcium signaling pathway may be key mechanisms playing crucial roles in the development and progression of DIPG.