A bstract Aim and objective Evaluation of the effectiveness of laser biostimulation (LBS), ice, and local anesthetic (LA) gel in reducing the injection pain during administration of local anesthesia in children. Materials and methods A 3-arm, crossover randomized controlled trial included 30 children of age 9–12 years requiring extraction of primary maxillary posterior teeth. Children were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 10 each. After proper isolation and drying of the buccal mucosa, one of the three techniques, i.e., either LBS or ice or LA gel was applied for 1 minute followed by administration of the LA solution. The pain response was assessed using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and the Sound Eyes Motor scale (SEM). Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively. Results Lower pain score of zero suggesting no hurt was given by more children in the ice group, followed by LA gel and LBS groups in both the scales. The differences in pain scores recorded were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Ice is found to be equally effective as LA gel, whereas low-level laser therapy is less effective compared to the other two techniques in reducing the injection pain during administration of maxillary posterior buccal infiltration in children. Clinical significance Pain management during LA injection is a critical step in gaining initial trust and during the subsequent treatment visits. The present study suggests that simple methods like pre-cooling the injection site with ice can be used as an effective non-pharmacological technique to reduce injection pain. How to cite this article AmruthaVarshini I, Vinay C, Uloopi KS, et al. Effectiveness of Pre-cooling the Injection Site, Laser Biostimulation, and Topical Local Anesthetic Gel in Reduction of Local Anesthesia Injection Pain in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):81–83.

Mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that can appear in the lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, appendix, or gall bladder. These lesions occur due to mucous accumulation resulting from the alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of occurrence of these lesions in the oral cavity and most probable cause is trauma or habit of lip biting. Diagnosis is mainly clinical due to its pathognomonic presentation. We report a case series of mucocele in children treated by conventional surgical excision of the lesion.

Most of the lesions in the oral cavity have papillary appearance. Oral squamous papilloma (SP) is one such type, which is a benign proliferation of the stratified squamous epithelium and presents as papillary or verrucous exophytic mass induced by human papillomavirus (HPV). Most of the oral mucosal lesions are often asymptomatic and have small progression. The common sites of occurrence include tongue, soft palate, and uvula. Squamous papilloma arising on hard palate is described in this article. Surgical excision of the lesion was done and sent for histopathological analyses that confirmed the clinical diagnosis. In larynx and trachea, malignant transformation of papillomas has been reported. The potentially malignant nature of SP if present needs to be explored.How to cite this article: Chaitanya P, Martha S, Punithvathy R, Reddy M. Squamous Papilloma on Hard Palate: Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(3):244-246.

ContextEruption of teeth is influenced by various factors. Very few studies were carried out in the past on the eruption time of teeth in the Indian population.AimThe aim of the study is to determine the time and sequence, gender differences, pattern of symmetry in the eruption of permanent teeth in Hyderabad children.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1654 schoolchildren (806 girls and 848 boys) in the age group of 5 to 15 years from Hyderabad were examined for the status of eruption of permanent teeth.Statistical analysis usedResults were subjected to probit’s regression analysis. The average age at eruption of permanent teeth, excluding third molars, was given as the mean [± standard deviation (SD)] in months for each gender. A table of percentiles of the eruption time was also determined.ResultsUnlike most of the earlier studies which showed that girls are ahead of boys in permanent teeth emergence, no such pattern was observed. No significant difference was found in the eruption of permanent teeth in right and left arches. Eruption of all the mandibular teeth, with the exception of right first premolar (44) in both the genders, was earlier than their maxillary counterparts. There was overall delay in the eruption of permanent teeth and significant delay in the eruption of lower canines in both genders.ConclusionThe significant delay in the eruption of permanent mandibular canines is relevant for orthodontic treatment planning.How to cite this article: Chaitanya P, Reddy JS, Suhasini K, Chandrika IH, Praveen D. Time and Eruption Sequence of Permanent Teeth in Hyderabad Children: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):330-337.

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