The results suggest that clinical services should provide holistic interventions within a phased approach when working with refugees and asylum seekers. At a policy level, the results suggest the need for asylum policies that reduce post-migration problems and provide support for refugees and asylum seekers.

A number of interventions have taught autistic children to pass tasks of false-belief attribution, but the children show little evidence of generalization. The aim of the present study was to overcome four possible limitations in the design of such interventions, and compare two participant groups, 3-year-olds and autistic individuals with comparable verbal mental age on their ability to learn a false-belief task and generalize to other tasks. The two groups were shown false-belief scenarios which were modified in two ways-by highlighting intention and by illustrating thoughts using picture-in-the-head techniques. The pre-and post-tests administered comprised a range of traditional theory-of-mind tasks. Results showed that both the 3-year-old children and the autistic individuals were able to pass a standard task of false-belief attribution following teaching. The 3-year-olds also showed substantial evidence of generalization to other false-belief tasks. However, for the autistic participants, although there was some overall improvement, generalization was limited to the test of their own false belief.

Interventions to build false belief understanding in people with autism have successfully used a picture-in-the-head technique to illustrate that seeing directs actions. However, participants who subsequently passed some novel false belief tasks could not do so in real-life settings. The present intervention aimed to bridge this gap in understanding by using teaching methods that linked picture-in-the-head dolls to videos of actors in natural settings. The intervention comprised three levels. At level 1, participants were taught that seeing leads to knowing. At level 2, they were helped to pass false belief scenarios using picture-in-the-head dolls. At level 3, they were guided from these scenes to similar stories on video in which people acted out the false belief events. At post-test, seven out of ten subjects (mean verbal mental age 4:2 years) passed at least two out of three novel video-recorded false belief stories. However, some participants required narration in order to complete the tasks. Observation of the learning process across individuals indicated that there are subgroups of people with autism who have different areas of difficulty.

This paper describes a narrative approach to work with the effects of extreme trauma and forced migration. It describes an approach to work across cultures in cases in which the culturally informed dominant discourses have shaped the effects of the trauma on those that survived them. The paper sets out the stories of two women as exemplars of the complexities of such practice. Examples of the main forms of narrative practice conversations are given and the work is developed through considerations of ways in which therapists can work respectfully between cultures.

Purpose -This paper aims to offer a commentary on Psychologically Informed Services: A Good Practice Guide, a recently published operational guidance document on developing psychologically informed environments in services for homeless people.Design/methodology/approach -The paper is an invited opinion piece and comment based on the specialist experience and viewpoint of the author as a clinical psychologist working in a primary care mental health service for homeless people, The Wellbeing Service in Bristol.Findings -The paper is an account of the Wellbeing Service with a mixture of paid staff and volunteers, some of whom are experts by experience. The approach is outlined, with a description of a number of individual, group work and other engagement opportunities offered at various potential entry points. The pathway is then illustrated through the example of one individual, told largely in his own words.Originality/value -The journeys of recovery are not straightforward and are rarely linear and services need to work hard to ensure that we engage people at the point where they currently are, allowing for them to drop out but, crucially, enabling them to return.The Wellbeing Service is a primary care-level mental health service for people who are homeless or vulnerably housed. It is run as a partnership between Second Step and St Mungo's, based in the Compass Centre and funded by Bristol City Council and Bristol PCT. The Wellbeing Service has close connections with other services that share the building: homeless street outreach services, Pathway to Employment services, Compass Health (homeless healthcare), a café run by homeless volunteers and an IT suite.The Wellbeing Service is a small team of two outreach and engagement workers, two part-time psychological therapists, a part-time clinical lead psychologist, a part-time team manager and a part-time volunteer coordinator, who supports a team of 15 volunteers (50 per cent of whom have lived experience of mental health and homelessness). We work holistically and aim to enable homeless people to address the mental health problems which so often underlie and connect a complex range of problems; our aim is to assist people to re-establish hope for living a different kind of life and support them in their efforts to move towards it by addressing whatever barriers have prevented them from doing so in the past.Our engagement workers have long experience in the sector and lived experience themselves, which allows them to establish good working relationships with people who are vulnerably housed or homeless remarkably quickly and effectively. They spend their time in a number of ways, but predominantly visiting a range of hostels and community venues to meet people directly, tell them about our service, signpost or refer people onto a variety of agencies that can support different needs and if our service seems relevant to people, offer them an assessment to discuss with the clinical team at our weekly referrals and assessment meetings.