[1] Closely spaced CTD transects performed in the summertime reveal simultaneous downward/upward bendings of temperature/salinity contours in the seasonal thermocline/ permanent halocline of the Stolpe Channel and the Gulf of Gdansk, which may be interpreted as geostrophically balanced cyclonic eddies in the intermediate layer. To examine processes capable of forming the observed cyclonic eddies, a numerical simulation based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) has been initiated. The subsurface cyclones in the Stolpe Channel were satisfactory simulated in model runs under easterly/ northerly wind conditions. Their formation was shown to result from the adjustment of the high potential vorticity (PV) outflow (from the Bornholm Basin via the Stolpe Sill) to low potential vorticity environment by vortex stretching (so-called the PV outflow hypothesis by Spall and Price [1998]). In accordance with the real wind conditions, a cyclonic eddy observed in the intermediate layer of the Gulf of Gdansk was satisfactorily reproduced in a model run with the westerly wind shutdown, which implies westward transport throughout the Stolpe Channel and thereby excludes the PV outflow hypothesis. The subsurface cyclone simulated in the Gulf of Gdansk was traced to form in the course of relaxation of the coastal downwelling baroclinic jet.

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Mälkki, P. 2012. Half a century of decadal symposia by NAFO and ICES – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 703–705. During the establishment of ICES, it was stated “that in all researches, whether hydrographical or biological … it be recognized as a primary object to estimate the quantity of fish available for the use of man, to record the variations in its amount from place to place and from time to time, to ascribe natural variations to their natural causes, and to determine whether or how far variations in the available stock are caused by the operation of man.” ICES addressed these obligations, among others, by publishing annual volumes of Annales Biologiques, a series terminated in 1987, and in 1988 replaced by symposia on decadal variability of hydrobiological conditions. A corresponding series was started by ICNAF (later NAFO) in 1964. A brief summary of these events is presented and a comparison made of the two series.

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